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Air Force Aircraft / Runway Deicing Initiatives and Our Weapon Systems

Air Force Aircraft / Runway Deicing Initiatives and Our Weapon Systems. Ms. Mary Wyderski Aeronautical Systems Center Wright-Patterson AFB OH, USA Mr. Alexei Lozada-Ruiz Aeronautical Systems Center Wright-Patterson AFB OH, USA Maj Timothy Allmann

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Air Force Aircraft / Runway Deicing Initiatives and Our Weapon Systems

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  1. Air Force Aircraft / Runway Deicing Initiatives and Our Weapon Systems Ms. Mary Wyderski Aeronautical Systems Center Wright-Patterson AFB OH, USA Mr. Alexei Lozada-Ruiz Aeronautical Systems Center Wright-Patterson AFB OH, USA Maj Timothy Allmann Air Force Research LaboratoryWright-Patterson AFB OH, USA Aeronautical Systems Center Birthplace, Home and Future of Aerospace

  2. Overview • Issues/Concerns • 2004 Deicing Working Group • Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group • Summary

  3. Environmental Concerns • Federal, state and local EPA continue to limit operations • Environmental drivers • Clean Water Act Amendment of 1990 • EPA Effluent Limitation Guidelines of 1999 • BOD, toxins, significant water usage and waste stream • Permits and fines • Water conservation • Deicing materials, non-toxic, non-permitting, new formulations • EPA Effluent Guidelines Plan (2004) • More regulations coming for aircraft deicing operations!!! • Cost burden: ~$3 per dollar spent on fluid

  4. Operational Concerns Mission surges shortfalls: Operational budget for deicing Storage, containment and disposal Local mixing station to reduce aircraft fluid use Portable local recycling unit (reuse vs. disposal) More deicing events More manpower Uniform training requirements Latest aircraft deicing equipment unavailability

  5. Operational Concerns (cont.) Maintain safety of operations Effective deicing procedures / inspections No frozen contamination on wings/surfaces Safe, clear runways/taxiways Effective deicing materials No fluid residue on aircraft surfaces No thickened fluid in aerodynamically quiet areas between control surfaces

  6. Material Concerns • Acquisition Reform – adoption of commercial specifications in place of mil-specs • AMS 1424, 1428 aircraft deicing • AMS 1431, 1435 runway deicing • Compatibility of deicing materials/technologies with unique aircraft platform materials • Foaming and unique characteristics of non-propylene glycol aircraft fluids

  7. 2004 Deicing Working Group • Primary objectives • Promote information exchange among deicing stakeholders • Discuss problems • Identify potential courses of action • Discuss and validate requirements • Focused on parked aircraft, runway, and in-flight deicing • Special emphasis on operational concerns, present practices, and emerging technologies • Overarching Goal: Provide war-fighter flying capability, while maintaining environmental compliance

  8. 2004 Deicing Working Group (cont.) • Conducted 15-17 March 2004 in Las Vegas NV • 84 attendees • Diversity of group revealed different priorities, focuses and perspectives • Operational personnel – mission readiness • System program offices – impacts to aircraft platforms • Environmental – protect environment, ensure EPA does not effect base operations, cost containment • FAA – experiences, commercial way of doing business • General consensus - Working Group was needed and successful • Intend to meet regularly (e.g., annually)

  9. 2004 Deicing Working Group (cont.) • Operational Discussion Day (1) • Experiences and requirements • General Session – Day (2) • Deicing Equipment and Facilities • Deicing/Anti-icing Fluids • Deicing Programs • General Session - Day (3) • Ice Detection • Deicing Training • Future Technologies • In-flight Icing/Deicing • Environmental Challenges and Requirements

  10. 2004 Deicing Working Group Concerns/Challenges Identified • Col Smith, Nellis AFB – “Speak with One Voice” • Multi-service effort • AF transformation impacting operations hourly • Need to approve use of anti-icing fluid to save manpower and improve operational capability • Shorten the process and time required to test and approve new deicing/anti-icing products • Clear identification of requirements by users

  11. 2004 Deicing Working Group Concerns/Challenges Identified (cont.) • Understanding of process implementation • How do we capture our “needs” • How do we get them considered for POM cycle • Need standardized training program • Insufficient motivation, no assigned skill, no standard training requirements • Deicing equipment deficiencies and standardization • Currently solving problems by pieces instead of overall concept for deicing operations

  12. 2004 Deicing Working Group Concerns/Challenges Identified (cont.) • Moving toward commercial specs and standards resulting in limited performance testing by manufacturers • SAE AMS aircraft deicing fluid specs may not be sufficient for qualification of developmental non-propylene glycol based fluids • Market awareness: need a single POC for emerging technologies

  13. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group

  14. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group • Unexpectedly, numerous issues/concerns were identified during the 2004 Deicing Working Group meeting • In an effort to not lose sight of, but rather address, those concerns an Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group was formed • Purpose • To establish a coordinated approach for addressing common deicing concerns among numerous stakeholders

  15. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group • Scope • Form strategic plans • Leverage resources • Address operational problems/concerns • Collect and disseminate information • Develop and revise specs/standards • Resolve technical issues • Reduce environmental impact

  16. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group "Under Construction" • Diverse crossfunctional group • Air Force T.O. manager for aircraft deicing • Air Force Snow & Ice Control Program operational manager • Air Force Research Lab materials engineers • Aeronautical Systems Center weapon systems engineers and environmental managers • Operational/maintenance personnel • Army (AMCOM, CRREL) • Support contractors with deicing related expertise • Still growing

  17. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group Goals: • Review, improve and establish specifications and standards • Identify funding sources • Research and recommend new technology • Create public and military-only websites • Develop integrated infrared deicing system • Annual deicing workshop • Survey of deicing equipment • Evaluate benefits of BX-36 • Promote approval of anti-icing for additional aircraft • Develop joint effort with Army and Navy

  18. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group R&D Vision • Provide the war-fighter maximum operation envelope • Reduce environmental impact from aircraft/runway deicing chemicals, reduce cost of operations • Assess/reduce negative impact of “green” deicing chemicals on weapon systems

  19. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group R&D Goals & Objectives • Streamline deicing chemical approval process to get available “green” products into use • Establish a requirement for vendor testing of military-specific materials • Finalize draft Military Test Method Standard (MTMS) for Deicing Materials Compatibility • Append MTMS to AMS 1424 as a military-only requirement

  20. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupR&D Goals and Objectives • Provide material compatibility data on available/developing deicing products to aircraft managers for evaluation • Unique weapon system materials, such as low observables, lubes/greases, cannon electrical plug pins, and HVOF coatings, composites, metals, IR windows, elastomers/sealants, carbon-carbon brakes, electronics • New, “green” aircraft and runway deicing materials

  21. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group R&D Goals and Objectives • Develop new technologies aimed to reduce environmental impact and/or deleterious effects on weapon systems • Development/transition of “green” aircraft deicing fluids • Two non-propylene glycol based aircraft deicing fluids under evaluation - D3, Foster-Miller • Identify/develop a less corrosive “green” runway deicing chemical product • Evaluate corrosivity of new commercial materials • Transition fixed infrared (IR) aircraft deicing facilities

  22. Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group R&D Goals and Objectives • Develop new technologies aimed to reduce environmental impact and/or deleterious effects on weapon systems (continued) • Develop transportable nonchemical aircraft deicing system • Develop small-scale, cost-effective transportable deicing fluid reclamation • Investigate potential sources of integrated infrared heating for mobile unit • Evaluate ice detection system

  23. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupAvailable Resources • Ad Hoc Deicing Working Group website(being moved to a Knowledge Now, Community of Practice web-site) • General deicing information • Deicing Policy • Compatibility Reports • Docs/status of deicing projects • Calendar of Events • POC(s) to answer environmental, technical and policy questions https://www.en.wpafb.af.mil/env/envv_deicing.asp

  24. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupAccomplishments • Development of non-propylene glycol “green” aircraft deicing fluids • METSS ADF-2 • Qualified to AMS 1424 (now expired) • Did not pass field test – thick, sticky residue • Identified need to address AMS 1424 for non-PG fluids • Battelle D3 • Qualified to AMS 1424 • Demonstrated deicing capability – spray tests, field demonstration • Problems observed - Foaming, etc. • Plan to reformulate, certify to AMS 1424, and field demonstrate Dec 05 – Jan 06 • Foster-Miller • Qualifying to AMS 1424 • Plan to field demonstrate Dec 05 - Jan 06

  25. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupAccomplishments (cont.) • Drafted Military Test Method Standard (MTMS) • Standard for compatibility testing of deicers with Air Force-unique aircraft materials (not in AMS specs) • Plan to append MTMS to AMS commercial deicing specs • Three materials compatibility test projects vs. MTMS • PG-urea, urea, potassium acetate, sodium acetate, sodium formate (completed 1998) • Conductivity of deicers a significant concern • METSS ADF-2, Battelle D3, METSS RDF-2, Clariant Safeway KF Hot, Hydro Chemicals AVIFORM (2003-4) • Additional materials: low observable, etc. (in progress)

  26. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupAccomplishments (cont.) • Infrared (IR) deicing technology • Feasibility investigation of infrared heat for aircraft deicing • Performed in McKinley Climatic Chamber, Eglin AFB • Various aircraft components subjected to ice and snow • Current fluid/air assist deicing truck and prototype truck-mounted IR heater used separately to deice components • IR unit demonstrated unacceptable rate of deicing • Also demonstrated two ice detection technologies

  27. Ad Hoc Deicing Working GroupAccomplishments (cont.) • Infrared deicing technology (cont.) • Infrared heater survey • Various technologies, as well as melting properties of ice and snow, evaluated • Results positive for potential use of energy for deicing • Mobile, transportable, non-fluid deicing system • Projected for FY06 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) • Deicing formally listed as a need within the AF Budget and Planning Process • Held 3-day Deicing Working Group, Mar 04

  28. Summary • Much activity underway to develop ways to mitigate/minimize environmental impacts, enhance safety, and reduce costs • Future deicing chemicals and technologies must be approved by Single Manager • Reduction of resources and consistent need for capabilities means all requirements must be clearly understood

  29. Questions Mary Wyderski DSN 986-6178 Mary.Wyderski@wpafb.af.mil Maj Timothy Allmann DSN 986-5697 Timothy.Allmann@wpafb.af.mil • Alexei Lozada-Ruiz • DSN 785-6526 • Alexei.Lozada-Ruiz@wpafb.af.mil

  30. BACKUP CHARTS

  31. AFRL/ASCDeicing R&D Vision & Strategy Maj Tim Allmann, AFRL/MLSC

  32. Deicing R&D Projects (1) • Revise draft Military Test Method Standard (MTMS) for Deicing Materials Compatibility and publish as Mil-Std • Requires chemical manufacturers to perform materials compatibility study and provide data • “Carrot” of military sales will cause manufacturers to provide info promptly • Information needed for approval by aircraft managers provided quickly at no cost to AF • Does not fully eliminate need for AF testing • Sensitive, classified materials (AFRL, ASC) • Materials unique to single weapon system (Aircraft manager) • FY06 funding needed ($120K)

  33. Deicing R&D Projects (2) • Materials compatibility testing with LO materials, lubes/greases, cannon electrical plug pins, and HVOF coatings • These materials have never been tested and are not included in MTMS • Develops test methods for these materials for inclusion in MTMS • Provides vital data on how new chemicals (some in use) effect high-$ weapon systems • Active project but some funds trapped at GSA limit scope – additional FY04, 05 or 06 funds needed

  34. Deicing R&D Projects (3) • Materials compatibility testing of new Foster Miller “green” aircraft deicing fluid • Best near-term environmental solution • AF/ESTCP sponsored development • FY06 funding ($200K) needed for full scope of materials compatibility tests • Scope of testing could be reduced with timely completion/publication of MTMS • Product addresses priority environmental need and should not wait on lingering MTMS • Tests not covered by MTMS would still be required

  35. Deicing R&D Projects (4-5) • Development/transition of “green” aircraft deicing fluids (ADFs) • Battelle D3 • Most developed “green” ADF product • Qualified in accordance with AMS 1424 • Field tests exhibited foaming during application • Retest of modified product scheduled for Feb 2005 • Foster Miller • Best near-term environmental solution • Development is about one year behind D3 • Significant BOD reduction beyond D3

  36. Deicing R&D Projects (6) • Develop a less corrosive “green” runway deicing chemical product • Current SERDP statement of need • Addresses concerns about increased aircraft and runway lighting corrosion caused by “green” products currently available • Two known opportunities for AF collaboration on industry-submitted proposals

  37. Deicing R&D Projects (7) • Transition fixed infrared (IR) aircraft deicing facilities • Fixed IR deicing facilities presently in commercial use with good results • Near zero impact to surface and ground water • Project would include cost-benefit analysis to determine most appropriate locations for use

  38. Deicing R&D Projects (8) • Develop small-scale, cost-effective transportable deicing fluid reclamation • Identified as EDP need #2516 • Transportable system addresses needs not just for small-scale units, but also for use in deployed locations • No project developed to date

  39. Deicing R&D Projects (9) • Develop transportable non-chemical aircraft deicing • Proposed SBIR input from ASC • Deployable aircraft deicing unit with near zero impact to surface and ground water • Infrared is most likely best candidate technology

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