SWMS
This is my Seminar project presentation on u201cSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM" , Diploma 3rd year.
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Tripura Institute of TechnologyNarsingarh, Tripura Department of Electronics AndTelecommunicationEngineering Session: 2022-23 • SEMINAR PROJECT PRESENTATION • on • “SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” • By • Diploma 3rd Year, 6th Semester Presented By: Sneha Acharjee(2063040008)
CONTENTS • Introduction • What Is Solid Waste Management? • Objectives of Solid Waste Management • Types of Wastes • Various Sources of Solid Waste • Effects of Poor Solid Waste Management • Methods of Solid Waste Management • Advantages • Conclusion
INTRODUCTION • Solid waste refers to the range of garbage materials—arising from and human activities—that are discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated from industrial, residential, and commercial activities in a given area, and may be handled in a variety of ways. • Waste can be categorized based on materials, such as plastic, paper, glass, metal, and organic waste. Categorization may also be based on hazard potential, including radioactive, flammable, infectious, toxic, or non-toxic wastes.
WHAT IS SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT? • Solid waste management is defined as the discipline associated with control of generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste materials in a way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation, economic, aesthetic, engineering, and other environmental considerations.
OBJECTIVES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • The primary goal of solid waste management is reducing and eliminating adverse impacts of waste materials on human health and the environment to support economic development and superior quality of life. • This is to be done in the most efficient manner possible, to keep costs low and prevent waste buildup.
TYPES OF WASTES • Organic waste: Kitchen waste, waste from food preparation, vegetables, flowers, leaves, fruits, and market places. • Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves, packaging for relief items etc. that are highly organic and having low moisture content. • Non-combustibles: Metal, Tins, Cans, bottles, stones, etc. • Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs, spray cans, fertilizer and pesticide containers, batteries, shoe polish. • Recyclables: Paper, glass, metals, plastics.
Ashes or Dust: Residue from fires that are used for cooking. • Construction waste: Rubble, roofing, broken concrete etc. • Hazardous waste: Oil, battery, acid, industrial waste, hospital waste. • Dead animals: Carcasses of dead livestock or other animals. • Bulky waste: Tree branches, furnitures, tires etc. • Soiled waste: Hospital waste such as cloth soiled with blood and other body fluids.
VARIOUS SOURCES OF SOLID WASTE • 1. Residential • 2. Industrial or Commercial • 3. Institutional • 4. Construction and Demolition Areas • 5. Municipal Services • 6. Biomedical • 7. Agriculture • 8. Treatment Plants and Sites
EFFECTS OF POOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • 1. Impact on Human Health • 2. Disease-causing Pests • 3. Environmental Problems • 4. Litter Surroundings • 5. Soil and Groundwater Pollution • 6. Emission of Toxic Gases • 7. Impact on Land and Aquatic Animals
METHODS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • 1. Sanitary Landfill This is the most popular solid waste disposal method used today. Garbage is basically spread out in thin layers, compressed and covered with soil or plastic foam. Modern landfills are designed in such a way that the bottom of the landfill is covered with an impervious liner, which is usually made of several layers of thick plastic and sand. This liner protects the groundwater from being contaminated because of leaching or percolation.
2. Incineration This method involves the burning of solid wastes at high temperatures until the wastes are turned into ashes. Incinerators are made in such a way that they do not give off extreme amounts of heat when burning solid wastes. This method of solid waste management can be done by individuals, municipalities and even institutions. The good thing about this method is the fact that it reduces the volume of waste up to 20 or 30% of the original volume.
3. Recovery and Recycling Recycling or recovery of resources is the process of taking useful but discarded items for the next use. Plastic bags, tins, glass and containers are often recycled automatically since, in many situations, they are likely to be scarce commodities. Traditionally, these items are processed and cleaned before they are recycled. The main motive of the process is to reducing energy loss, consumption of new material and reduction of landfills. The most developed countries follow a strong tradition of recycling to lower volumes of waste. • 4. Composting Method of treating municipal solid waste is composting, a biological process in which the organic portion of waste is allowed to decompose under controlled conditions . Only biodegradable waste materials are used in composting. In this micro-organisms, specifically fungi and bacteria, convert degradable organic waste into substances like humus. This finished product, which looks like soil, is high in carbon and nitrogen.
5. Pyrolysis This is a method of solid waste management whereby solid wastes are chemically decomposed by heat without the presence of oxygen. It usually occurs under pressure and at temperature between 400 to 800 degrees Celsius. The solid wastes are changed into gasses, solid residue of carbon and ash and small quantities of liquid.
WHY SHOULD WE RECYCLE? • Reduces reliance on landfills and incinerators. • Recycling protects our health and environment when harmful substances are removed from the waste stream. • Recycling conserves our natural resources because it reduces the need for raw materials.
ADVANTAGES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • Effective solid waste management reduces pollution. The green house gases like methane and carbon dioxide that is emitted from waste accumulated also reduces in the process. • Effective solid waste management protects the biodiversity thus protecting the mother earth. For example, many trees are cut for making paper but if old paper is recycled, new paper can be made. Deforestation will be reduces greatly. • Effective solid waste management keeps the environment clean as not much waste will be accumulated in the surroundings.
Conclusion • As long as there is human activity, solid waste will be a part of us. But the good thing is that by exercising a sense of responsibility and following sensible regulations, we can definitely live a better and cleaner life even with solid waste around. • Solid waste management is the process of removal of solid waste in such a manner that it does not cause any problem to environment and the living organisms as well. It is done through different methods as per the category of the solid waste. • The most sustainable way to manage waste is to recycle & compost.
