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Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition Configuring Input and Output Devices Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: Understand how operating systems interface with input and output devices

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Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

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  1. Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

  2. Configuring Input and Output Devices Guide to Operating Systems Third Edition

  3. Objectives After reading this chapter and completing the exercises you will be able to: • Understand how operating systems interface with input and output devices • Explain the need for device drivers and install devices and drivers • Describe popular input device technologies Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  4. Objectives (continued) • Discuss the types of printers and install printers • Explain display adapter technologies • Install circuit boards for new devices • Explain the use of sound cards and other output devices Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  5. Operating Systems and Devices: An Overview • The operating system must: • Handle input from the keyboard, mouse, and other input devices • Handle output to the screen, printer, and other output devices • Control information storage and retrieval • Support communications with remote computers Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  6. Operating Systems and Devices: An Overview (continued) • OS accomplishes these tasks: • through software • through hardware • Three general steps: • Install any software drivers that are required • Install the input or output device • Set up the hardware Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  7. Using Device Drivers • OS provides basic input/output support for the parallel, serial, bus, or other ports • Specific features of individual devices are provided by device drivers Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  8. Using Device Drivers (continued) • If you download a new driver you’ll probably need PKZIP or WINZIP • PC-executable files use the .exe file extension • downloaded drivers that include this extension, are a self-extracting file Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  9. Using Device Drivers (continued) • Macintosh users • can use ZIP-format archives • more common format is StuffIt • UNIX system users • retrieve drivers in a tar format • StuffIt is also available for some UNIX systems Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  10. Manufacturer Driver Installation • Hardware manufacturer’s install utility • usually fully automatic • well documented Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  11. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation • Several installation methods • PnP capability • Add/Remove Hardware Wizard or Add Hardware Wizard • Specialized icon on Control Panel • Device Manager Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  12. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation (continued) • PnP method • Shut down the OS • Turn off the power • Connect the device • Plug the device into power • Turn on the computer • OS automatically installs the drivers Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  13. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation (continued) • Add/Remove Hardware or Add Hardware Wizards • Windows 2000 uses Add/Remove Hardware Wizard • Windows XP/Server 2003 uses Add hardware Wizard Control Panel method Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  14. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation (continued) • Device Manager method: • Convenient method • Determine location of device driver files • Check to make sure a device is working • Determine if there is a resource conflict Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  15. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation (continued) • Interrupt request (IRQ): • communication channel • communicates with the CPU • I/O address range • memory reserved for a particular device • Device manager shows IRQ lines and any conflicts Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  16. Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003 Device and Driver Installation (continued) • Driver signing: • unique digital signature • ensures that the driver works properly • security feature to ensure that there has been no tampering Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  17. UNIX/Linux Driver Installation • Concept of drivers in UNIX • different from other operating systems • the kernel is where most device drivers are loaded • Device special files • Blocked special files • Character special files • Named pipes Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  18. UNIX/Linux Driver Installation (continued) Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  19. Managing Devices in NetWare 6.x • NetWare Loadable Modules • extend capabilities and services of OS • hundreds of different modules • from web server to establishing security • automatically loaded at boot time Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  20. Managing Devices in NetWare 6.x (continued) Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  21. Mac OS X Driver Installation • Mac OS X systems include drivers for most hardware • General steps for new hardware installs: • Shut down OS and turn off computer • Attach the new hardware • Restart the computer and OS • Insert CD-ROM • Run the installer program Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  22. Standard Input Devices • Standard and universal input devices: • keyboard • mouse Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  23. Mouse and Keyboard Drivers • Highly standardized across operating systems • The mouse and keyboard use special ports • serial or USB ports • Windows XP includes a sophisticated keyboard driver Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  24. Mouse and Keyboard Drivers (continued) • Mouse • pointing device with a ball • rotates as you move the mouse • mouse pad • one, two, or three buttons on top • moves two potentiometers (variable resistors) positioned at 90-degree angles to each other • top-mounted buttons are connected to micro-switches Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  25. Other Input Devices • Specialty input devices for: • graphics design • Web page development • digital photography • movie or sound editing Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  26. Digital Tablets • Digital pad or tablet • a different kind of mouse • to draw pictures • sign your name • color a detailed graphic image • conduct other tasks that require a high degree of manual dexterity Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  27. Digital Tablets (continued) • Personal digital assistants (PDAs) • same technology used in digital tablets • Digital pad • plugs into your computer • fairly standard hardware to specialty devices Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  28. Scanners • Scanner • like a printer in reverse • an office photocopier that “prints” to your computer • Optical character recognition (OCR) • scans each character Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  29. Scanners (continued) • Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) hardware or the USB port • fast because they use wide data paths • rely less on the main system CPU Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  30. Joysticks and Game Pads • Joysticks and game pads • alternative input devices • Joystick • more like a mouse than a digital pad • offers a lot more control • used for three-dimensional movement on screen Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  31. Joysticks and Game Pads (continued) • Game pads • come in a wide variety of designs • designed for interaction with games • include multiple buttons, wheels, or balls Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  32. Digital Sound Input • Almost every workstation comes with some kind of analog sound card • Add a digital I/O card for: • editing music • voice for electronic journalism • audio for training applications Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  33. Digital Sound Input (continued) • Digital audio interfaces plug into the computer’s internal bus • PCI • USB port Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  34. Digital Picture and Video Input/Output • Works similarly to digital audio I/O • Need a digital I/O interface and drivers • Import digital images into application software Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  35. 1394 Technology • IEEE 1394 • specification for a high-speed digital interface • supports data communication at 100, 200, or 400 megabits per second • IEEE 1394b • communicates at 800 Mbps, 1.6 Gbps, and 3.2 Gbps Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  36. 1394 Technology (continued) • Technology targeted at • multimedia peripherals • digital camcorders • music systems • digital TVs • digital video discs (DVDs) Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  37. Printers • Important part of nearly every computer installation today Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  38. Printer Types • The following types of printers are the most popular today: • Dot matrix printers • Ink-jet printers • Laser printers Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  39. Printer Types (continued) • Printer designs used in specialized arenas: • Line printers • Thermal-wax transfer printers • Dye sublimation printers • Imagesetter printers Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  40. Printer Types (continued) • Plotter • popular in engineering architecture • where hard copy output (such as blueprints) won’t fit on standard paper sizes • using pen and control mechanisms Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  41. Printer Connections • Serial port • connection used initially • Parallel port • most common printer connection • manages communications • sometimes called a Centronics interface • 25-pin (DB-25) connector Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  42. Printer Connections (continued) • Universal Serial Bus (USB) • very popular in today’s printer market • all printers ship with a USB port • Older Apple PCs use the Apple Desktop Bus (ADB) • Extended Capabilities Port (ECP) • higher speed bidirectional communication Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  43. Installing Printers • Operating systems provide one or more ways to install • Printing is vital to outputting documents in: • word processors • spreadsheets • graphics programs Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  44. Installing Printers (continued) • Windows 2000/XP/Server 2003: • use PnP • Add/Remove Hardware Wizard – Windows 2000 • Add Hardware Wizard – Windows XP/Server 2003 • Add Printer Wizard from Control Panel Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  45. Installing Printers (continued) • UNIX/Linux • uses a print queue and print spooler • first define the printer and queue • use printtool in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  46. Installing Printers (continued) • NetWare • complex process • use separate utilities • modern way – use Novell Distributed Print Services – see Chapter 9 Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  47. Installing Printers (continued) • Mac OS X • most print drivers are already installed • use Printer Setup Utility Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  48. Display Adapters • AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) • industry wide acceptance • enables high-performance graphics capabilities Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  49. Basic Display Adapter Technology • Basic display • consists of 640 pixels horizontally and 480 pixels vertically • Pixel • picture element • small dot of light Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

  50. Basic Display Adapter Technology (continued) • Top-end display adapters • 1280 X 1024 pixels • 1600 X 1280 • 2048 X 1536 • Resolution of 640 X 480 • images are displayed with 640 dots of light from left to right and 480 dots of light top to bottom Guide to operating Systems, Third Edition

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