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T K Sreedevi and Suhas P Wani International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru P.O

T K Sreedevi and Suhas P Wani International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India. Background. Watersheds are recognized as growth engines for Agricultural Development and achieving food security

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T K Sreedevi and Suhas P Wani International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru P.O

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  1. T K Sreedevi and Suhas P Wani International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru P.O. 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India

  2. Background • Watersheds are recognized as growth engines for Agricultural Development and achieving food security • Participatory Watershed management is a multidisciplinary, multi institutional approach for NRM and providing food security through diversification of livelihood options and increased productivity. • Women are key to address household food security. • Women play a major role in Agriculture and livestock development • Health and Education of women has an immediate and lasting effect on the well being of the family • Since 70% of the poor are women, they along with other resource poor are central targets for watershed development.

  3. …in the context of MDG • Contribution of improved water resources management to achievement of millennium goal by 2015. • Investments in water infrastructure as a Catalyst for regional development • Community-based organizations for water management improve social capital of women • Reduced time, health, and care-giving burdens from improved water services give women more time for productive endeavors • Water source closer to home put women at less risk for sexual harassment and assault.

  4. ….lessons learnt • Evaluation of a no.of watershed programs have indicated the importance of: • People’s participation in development process • Role of institutions for enhanced participation • Extent of people’s participation which determined the success • A combination of participation and sound technical input • Need for supporting policy • Watersheds as vehicles that reversed environmental degradation and permitted quantum shift in sustainable agricultural productivity • In the process women paid the price of development in most cases ( Nutrition, Security, Basic amenities, workload)

  5. Eight Arms of Holistic Development Increase in Productivity Coverage Families Micro enterprises Gender Parity Decreased Migration Growth of Livestock/ Hort/Fodder Reduction of people BPL GW Recharge

  6. ..benefits from watershed development • Watershed development yielded good results in: • Productivity increase • Growth of Agriculture allied sectors, Micro-enterprises • Conserving groundwater • Reduced migration • Reduced no.of people below poverty line

  7. … the gaps • But.. • Reaching the poorest of poor families • Gender equality.. .. remained away from the desired end • And • According to UN Statistics • Women do 2/3 of the work in the world • Women earn 1/10 of world income • Women represent 2/3 of the illiterate population of the world • Women own less than 1/1000 of the world’s property (Williams et. al. 1997)

  8. addressing Equity and Gender concerns • Livelihood approach • Investment in small water harvesting structures • CPR Management • Space for landless and women in the Programme • Promotion of micro enterprise • Promotion of non-traditional roles for women

  9. Case study for understanding where we are.. • 3 villages selected • Powerguda – Managed by SHGs • Kothapally – Managed by CBOs • Janampet – Managed by Federation of SHGs (Mahila samakhya)

  10. Objectives of the Study • To understand the constraints for promoting equity and empowerment for women in IWMP • To identify critical areas for capacity building • To identify institutional and policy needs for mainstreaming gender perspective in IWMP

  11. Profile of the Case study villages Contd..

  12. Profile of the Case study villages

  13. Analysis of Three Case Studies Contd..

  14. Analysis of Three Case Studies Contd..

  15. Analysis of Three Case Studies Contd..

  16. Matrix of Community Participation

  17. On the ladder of participation Supporting Collective action Substantial Co-learning Participation Acting together Collaborating Degree of control Deciding together Consulted Consu ltation Co-operating Information Co-opted Adarsha Mahila Samakhya Powerguda Kothapally

  18. Findings • It is evident that the higher on the ladder of participation the stronger are the institutions • Constraints surmountable through mutual co-operation • Supportive policy for institution building is a driver • The benefits of development that usher through integrated watershed development could maximize if the energies of all the contributing stakeholder are harnessed esp. women. • Capacity building of women in income generation activities, financial management, social dynamics of groups yielded substantial results.

  19. Findings • Critical areas identified for capacity building • Technical know-how • Functional literacy • Enhanced awareness of their rights • For the inclusion of gender perspective in IWMP it is necessary to use the existing institutions, small groups (Women), and federation of these groups as levers of holistic development

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