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How much scope for building integrated photovoltaic?

This is part of a trainng course delivered by WEST project (www.westproject.org.uk) on SolarPV 'Buildings As Power Stations'. For more information or to register please visit: https://www.westproject.org.uk/content/solar-pv

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How much scope for building integrated photovoltaic?

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  1. How much scope for building integrated photovoltaics?

  2. Solar PV 914.67km2 (roof) + 343km2 (façade) – 80% of maximum local solar input (2002) http://www.iea-pvps.org/index.php?id=9&eID=dam_frontend_push&docID=394

  3. What are the challenges?

  4. Challenges • Restructure national grid to smart grid • Fluctuations in renewable energy output • Energy storage (short and long term) • Retro-fit vs New build • Aesthetics • Changing energy habits http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/Markets/WhlMkts/monitoring-energy-security/elec-capacity-assessment/Documents1/Electricity%20Capacity%20Assessment%202012.pdf

  5. Electricity grid • Centralised distribution grid

  6. Electricity grid • Distributed / “Smart” grid • £30billion network investment proposed (UK) • Full UK smart meter installation by 2019

  7. Smart Grids - global • 7% increase investment (2012) • Regulation policies under development • Electricity Directive 2009/752/EC - 80% of households to have smart meters by 2020

  8. Fluctuating output

  9. Energy storage - traditional

  10. Energy Storage - now • Diurnal • Batteries Nickel-iron • 25 yr lifetime • low specific energy, poor charge retention, and high cost of manufacture.   • tolerant of abuse, (overcharge, over-discharge, and short-circuiting) LiFePO4 • safer than LiCoO2. • longer lifetimes, better power density  • Used in electric vehicles and backup power NiFe battery Round trip efficiency 90% for lead-acid and higher for Lithium

  11. Energy Storage - now Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Electrolyser • 1.3-5.0 kg H2 per day Tank storage Fuel cell uses H2 to generate electricity Round trip efficiency is approximately 30-50%

  12. Aesthetics Range of products to reduce visual impact

  13. PV and Fire • Typical causes: • Rodents gnawing wires • Pans on stoves • Unattended cigarettes • Faulty electrical equipment, etc • 10,000+ electrical fires per year • PV panels remain live during daylight hours! • Fire detection system to automatically cut power

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