Unit II: 600 – 1450

1. Unit II: 600 – 1450

2. Islam Name the god, prophet and holy book of Islam, the last of the great monotheistic religions that began on the Arabian peninsula in the 7th century.

3. Islam Name the god, prophet and holy book of Islam, the last of the great monotheistic religions that began on the Arabian peninsula in the 7th century. Allah, Mohammad and the Qu’ran.

4. Islam Muslims believe that salvation is won through submission to the will of God, accomplished by following the Five Pillars of Islam. Name the five pillars.

5. Islam Muslims believe that salvation is won through submission to the will of God, accomplished by following the Five Pillars of Islam. Name the five pillars. • Confession of faith • Prayer five times daily • Charity to the needy • Fasting during the month-long Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one’s lifetime

6. Islam What’s the difference between the beliefs of Shiite and Sunni Muslims?

7. Islam What’s the difference between the beliefs of Shiite and Sunni Muslims? Shiites hold that Ali, Mohammad’s son-in-law, was the rightful heir to the empire, while Sunnis do not believe that he and his hereditary line are the chosen successors.

8. Islam What’s the name for the Islamic mystics who were the most effective missionaries because they stressed a personal relationship with Allah rather than particular forms of ritual?

9. Islam What’s the name for the Islamic mystics who were the most effective missionaries because they stressed a personal relationship with Allah rather than particular forms of ritual? Sufis

10. Islam Under the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), Islam established its capital in Damascus and quickly conquered a vast region because of weak surrounding empires and in part by encouraging converts to Islam by pursuing what policy?

11. Islam Under the Umayyad dynasty (661-750), Islam established its capital in Damascus and quickly conquered a vast region because of weak surrounding empires and in part by encouraging converts to Islam by pursuing what policy? Taxing those who chose not to convert

12. Islam What dynasty reigned from 750 to 1258 (when they were finally toppled by the Mongols), moved the capital to Baghdad and were heavily influenced by Persian techniques of statecraft?

13. Islam What dynasty reigned from 750 to 1258 (when they were finally toppled by the Mongols), moved the capital to Baghdad and were heavily influenced by Persian techniques of statecraft? The Abbasid dynasty

14. Islam Characterize the general status of women under Islam.

15. Islam Characterize the general status of women under Islam. Compared to earlier times and most other places, women in Islamic society gained some legal rights, were treated with more dignity and were equal in the eyes of Allah. They were still subservient to men and over time Islamic society became more and more patriarchal.

16. Byzantium What was home to Orthodox Christianity in Constantinople, used the Greek language and was heavily influenced by Eastern cultures like those of Persia?

17. Byzantium What lasted until 1453, was home to Orthodox Christianity in Constantinople, used the Greek language and was heavily influenced by Eastern cultures like those of Persia? The Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the old Roman Empire – the western half of which collapsed in 476 CE.

18. Byzantium Who was the most famous of Byzantium’s rulers, and what were his most important accomplishments?

19. Byzantium Who was the most famous of Byzantium’s rulers, and what were his most important accomplishments? Justinian (reigned 527-565); his codification of Roman law (Justinian Code) that later in the Middle Ages served as the legal basis for states in the West … and his support of arts and sciences and major architectural projects, including the Hagia Sophia.

20. Byzantium What’s the term for what happened in 1054 when the Byzantine patriarch and the pope in Rome mutually excommunicated each other over disputes about what should be considered properly Christian?

21. Byzantium What’s the term for what happened in 1054: the Byzantine patriarch and the pope in Rome mutually excommunicated each other over disputes about what should be considered properly Christian? The Great Schism, or East-West Schism

22. Byzantium Where can the Byzantine Empire’s cultural legacy – Orthodox Christianity and Cyrillic alphabet – still be seen today?

23. Byzantium Where can the Byzantine Empire’s cultural legacy – Orthodox Christianity and Cyrillic alphabet – still be seen today? Russia and Slavic Eastern Europe

24. Europe What are three cool (and accurate) adjectives that might be used to characterize Europe during the so-called Middle Ages?

25. Europe What are three cool (and accurate) adjectives that might be used to characterize Europe during the so-called Middle Ages? Decentralized, feudal, quarrelsome

26. Europe What institution was the single greatest unifying force in western Europe during the Middle Ages?

27. Europe What institution was the single greatest unifying force in western Europe during the Middle Ages? The Catholic Church

28. Europe Name the three serious threats of outside invasion Europeans faced during the Middle Ages – a fact that in part explains the region’s adoption of feudalism during this time.

29. Europe Name the three serious threats of outside invasion Europeans faced during the Middle Ages – a fact that in part explains the region’s adoption of feudalism during this time. Vikings from the north (Scandinavia), Magyars from the east (Hungary) and Muslims from the south

30. Europe Name the social, economic and political system that included – from the top down – kings, nobles, vassals and peasants (or serfs) in a system of mutual obligations.

31. Europe Name the social, economic and political system that included – from the top down – kings, nobles, vassals and peasants (or serfs) in a system of mutual obligations. Feudalism

32. Europe Large, self-sufficient estates consisting of fields, meadows, forests, agricultural tools and domestic animals, on which serfs were tied to the land with few rights, acted as the backbone of feudal Europe’s economy. What were these entities called?

33. Europe Large, self-sufficient estates consisting of fields, meadows, forests, agricultural tools and domestic animals, on which serfs were tied to the land with few rights, acted as the backbone of feudal Europe’s economy. What were these entities called? Manors

34. Europe Over time towns formed economic alliances somewhat akin to regions with integrated city-states. They established common trade practices and secured the regional business environment, which led to the growth of a sizable middle class. Name the most notable of these alliances that controlled trade throughout much of northern Europe and came to influence the Dutch and the English.

35. Europe Over time towns formed economic alliances somewhat akin to integrated city-state complexes. They established common trade practices and secured the regional business environment, which led to the growth of a sizable middle class. Name the most notable of these alliances that controlled trade throughout much of northern Europe and came to influence the Dutch and the English. Hanseatic League

36. Europe What was arguably the most important long-term impact of the Crusades, the basically unsuccessful military campaigns undertaken by European Christians during the 11th through 14th centuries to take back the Holy Land and convert Muslims and others to Christianity?

37. Europe What was arguably the most important long-term impact of the Crusades, the basically unsuccessful military campaigns undertaken by European Christians during the 11th through 14th centuries to take back the Holy Land and convert Muslims and others to Christianity? Europeans were reengaged with the wider world, reacquainted with the Greek classics and thereby newly open to thought outside that of the Church.

38. Europe Another thing that weakened the Church and greatly sped up social and economic changes during the Late Middle Ages was the bubonic plague. What’s the name of the plague of the mid-14th century that originated in China and spread westward on trade routes, eventually killing an estimated 35 million people?

39. Europe Another thing that weakened the Church and greatly sped up social and economic changes during the Late Middle Ages was the bubonic plague. What’s the name of the plague of the mid-14th century that originated in China and spread westward on trade routes, eventually killing an estimated 35 million people? The Black Death, or Great Mortality

40. Europe What is the significance of the Magna Carta, a document that powerful nobles forced King John of England to sign in 1215?

41. Europe What is the significance of the Magna Carta, a document that powerful nobles forced King John of England to sign in 1215? It eventually extended the rule of law to lower classes and laid the foundation for Parliament. It was, thus, a foundational legal document of the long journey away from monarchy and toward representative democracy.

42. Europe What’s the name of the conflict between the English and French that eventually led to England’s withdrawal from France and a subsequent consolidation of royal power in France under the Bourbons, who steered the country on a course of increasing power on the European continent?

43. Europe What’s the name of the conflict between the English and French that eventually led to England’s withdrawal from France and a subsequent consolidation of royal power in France under the Bourbons, who steered the country on a course of increasing power on the European continent? The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)

44. China What were two major internal problems that contributed to the ultimate downfall of the Song dynasty?

45. China What were two major internal problems that contributed to the ultimate downfall of the Song dynasty? Onewas a financial crisis that developed because of the dynasty’s spending on its enormous bureaucracy, which triggered major rebellions over efforts to raise taxes on peasants. A second problem was the failure of the scholar bureaucrats to manage their military and guard China’s borders.

46. China Under the Tang (618-907) and early Song (960-1279) dynasties, Confucian philosophy was adapted to Buddhist ideas to become the guiding doctrine and basis for civil service. What was the name of this syncretic belief?

47. China Under the Tang (618-907) and early Song (960-1279) dynasties, Confucian philosophy was adapted to Buddhist ideas to become the guiding doctrine and basis for civil service. What was the name of this syncretic belief? Neo-Confucianism

48. China What practice became widespread among elite families during the Song dynasty and is perhaps the most notable and enduring cultural practice signifying the subordination of Chinese women?

49. China What practice became widespread among elite families during the Song dynasty and is perhaps the most notable cultural practice signifying the subordination of Chinese women? Foot binding

50. China Name the system by which China exercised indirect rule and cultural preeminence of surrounding vassal states such as Vietnam, Korea and Tibet – a system that acknowledged the supremacy of the Chinese emperor and sent ambassadors bearing gifts.