Kiichiro Yagi (Kyoto University)

1. Korea-Japan Conference on Innovative Cluster and University-Industry-Government Linkage, Oct. 30, 2004SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF UNIVERSITIES IN JAPAN- An Overview - Kiichiro Yagi (Kyoto University)

2. 1. Awakening in the mid 1990s • Stagnation in the growth of R&D expenditure in private sector • New technology policy of the US • Catch-up of Asian nations • Shift of public interest to the quality of higher education • Appeal of academicians on the poor research conditions • =>1995 Science and Technology Basic Law

3. 2. Science and Technology Basic Plan (1996-2000) • For the construction of a new R&D system # Improve researchers’ mobility and revitalize R&D activities through introduction of a fixed-term appointment system #Promote the Plan to Support 10,000 Postdoctoral Researchers and drastically increase the number of research assistants # Revitalize exchange among industry, academia and the government by promoting cooperative research and facilitating the authorization of business-related research activities #Conduct rigorous assessments • Expansion of Investment in Government R&D #Double expenditure – total of 17 trill. Yen to science and technology # Rebuilding finances #Enrichment of resources (Multidimensional research funds including competitive funding; Funding for the development and securing of researchers and exchange among them; Funding for the R&D infrastructure)

4. BASIC CONCEPTS Vision of Japan (creation; international competitiveness; securing safety and QOL) Comprehensive and Strategic S&T Policies New Relationships between S&T and Societies 24trill.Yen/GDP1% but dependent on the condition of public finance Prioritization/effective allocation/fair and transparent evaluation BASIC POLICIES Strategic priority setting (Basic researches; national/social subjects; emerging fields) Internationalization of R&D R&D system reforms (competitive environments;mobilization of human resources; Self-reliance of young reserchers; Evaluation systems; etc.) Industry-academia-government collaboration Educational reforms S&T Promotion in Regions 3. The 2nd Science and Technology Basic Plan (2001-2006)

5. 4. University-Industry Linkage • Mobility of researchers (fixed-term appointment) – Relaxation of researchers’ commitment to business • Promotion of Technology Transfer (1998), Promotion of Creation of New Business (1998) => Technology Licensing organization • 2002 Basic Law of Intellectual Property =>MEXT urged Universities to announce their policy and establish the supporting system (Switch from the individual principle of the ownership to the institutional principle) • From 2002 “Intellectual Cluster”(MEXT) and “Industrial Cluster”(METI) • Special Zones for Structural Reforms

6. 1998 Report of the University Council Higher Education taken as a Strategic Agenda The 21st Century COE Program started in 2002 Graduate Schools for High Professionals (2003) : Law School, Business School, MOT etc. Relaxation of the Founding Examination and the Introduction of Evaluation by Third Party NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES (1999) Proposal of Separation of NUs as Adm. Agencies => July 2003 National University Corporation Law => 2004 2001 June Plan of Structural Reform of NUs Introduction of Outsiders - Stress on Management and Leadership of the President – No more civil-servant Administrative Reform 5. University Reforms after 2000

7. 6. The Case of Kyoto University • Venture Business Laboratory (1996) • Kansai TLO co. (1998) with Ritsumeikan Univ. • International Innovation Center (2001) • Intellectual Property Office (2003) • => are to be integrated into the International Innovation Office (2004) • New Policies of Intellectual Property, Joint and Commissioned Research, and Collaboration with Industries • Opening of a new campus in Katsura (2003) – connected with Katsura Innovation Park

8. 7. Collaborations with Industries • Increased Joint Researches (over 200 items in 2002)- Increased Joint Patent Applications (over 50 items in 2003) • Increase in the number of inventions (est. ca 400 inventions per year) and patent applications (120 items in 2003) • IIC Fair/IIC Seminar/Collaboration Forum • Comprehensive Innovation Alliance (with NTT, PIONEER, HITACHI, Mitsubishi Chemical, ROHM) • Kyodai Ventures: Robo-Garage, Reprosel, Kyoto Instruments, etc.

9. 8. Regional Collaborations • Kansai TLO (49 Universities) 2003 performance in mill. Yen: Revenue from Transferred T. :28.6; Appl. & Maintenance Cost of Patents: 34.2; Return to Academia: 17.4 • Kyoto Innovation Cluster for Nano-Technology (Kyoto High-Tech Institute: with Kyoto Institute of Technology and Ritsumeikan Univ.; ROHM, Horiba, Shimazu, Omron etc.). • Participation in other 2 projects of “intellectual clusters” (IT-genomics, reproductive medicines)

10. 9. Repercussions to Education • New Grad. Course (Energy, Informatics, Bio-Science, Environmental Study) • Introduction of the Accreditation (JABEE) • New Criterion for Engineering Education (Japan University Accreditation Association): Evaluation of the Outcome • Reforms in the Graduate Studies: Innovation/development/communication orientation • Schooling/Project Based Learning/Advanced Internship • Lifelong Education • Need of Economic or Business Knowledge