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Genetics Central Dogma Lesson Plan

Study session encompassing transcription and translation processes of DNA, RNA, proteins, and semiconservative replication. Includes activities like Gummy Transcription and Translation to aid understanding. Additional components cover Central Dogma theory and related quizzes.

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Genetics Central Dogma Lesson Plan

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  1. Semester 2, Day 7 Transcription & Translation

  2. Agenda • Study for DNA, RNA, Proteins, Semiconservative Replication Quiz • Turn in homework: Section 11.1-11.3 • Quiz for DNA, RNA, Proteins, SemiconservativeReplication • Translation and Transcription Lecture • Translation and Transcription Activity • Work Time

  3. Central Dogma • Central Dogma: DNA codes for RNA which guides the synthesis of proteins. • DNA: “master blueprint”, contains all genetic info of an organism. Must be protected; therefore it never leaves the nucleus. • RNA: “temporary blueprint”, copies small portions of DNA and can leave nucleus to synthesize proteins at the ribosome. • Proteins: primary building block of organisms. A macromolecule made of linked monomers called amino acids. DNA RNA Protein Transcription “copy” Translation “interpret”

  4. Central Dogma • Transcription: DNA  mRNA • DNA helicase (enzyme) unwinds DNA strands. • RNA polymerase (enzyme) “reads” DNA template strand & synthesizes mRNA • Matches nitrogen bases on DNA to complementary RNA bases • 3. mRNA leaves nucleus through nuclear pore to the cytoplasm “messenger” template strand DNA Helicase nontemplate strand DNARNA A = U T = A C  G G  C Usually T in DNA, but RNA uses U instead! Image Source: biology.about.com

  5. Central Dogma codon • Translation: mRNA  Protein • mRNA travels through cytoplasm to ribosome (made of rRNA) • tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome • The ribosome matches tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons, which links amino acids together, creating a polypeptide (unfolded protein) • **Note: 20 different tRNA (one for each amino acid) Image Source: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu

  6. Central Dogma Transcription “copy” Translation “interpret” Image Source: nnhsbiology.pbworks.com

  7. Central Dogma • How do you know what amino acid is brought by tRNA? Genetic Code Chart(uses codons from mRNA!) • AUG: methionine (START) • Begin decoding; start with methanine amino acid • UAA, UAG, UGA: STOP • End decoding; no additional amino acids **Note: Many types of codons (64 codons), but only 20 amino acids. Important when we learn about mutations! Image Source: waynesword.palomar.edu

  8. Image Source: www.contexo.info Central Dogma • Example: Folded into complex 3D shape  Protein!

  9. Central Dogma • What would the tRNA anticodons have been? • Remember!**The Genetic CodeChart uses CODONS,not anticodons. Codon mRNA: A U G U C U C A C A AA G A G tRNA: U A C A G A G U G U UU C U C Anticodon tRNA is a type of RNA, so it uses U, not T! His Met Amino Acids Glu Lys Ser Image Source: en.wikipedia.org

  10. Gummy DNA • Supplies: • Red Licorice = Deoxyribose sugar and phosphate backbone • Purple Licorice = Ribose sugar and phosphate backbone • Gummy Bears = Nitrogen bases • Hard Candies = Amino Acids to build Proteins • You should have 18 toothpicks • Break them in half • Choose 9 gummy bears with different colors • Red=Adenine, Yellow=Thymine, Orange=Cytosine, Green=Guanine • Don’t choose white! • Put 9 half-toothpicks in red licorice and attach gummy bears. This is one DNA strand. • Make the complementary DNA strand. A=T, CG • Attach strands together. This is what DNA looks like!

  11. Gummy Transcription • Transcription = “Copy” • Take your purple licorice and add 9 half-toothpicks • “Unzip” your DNA and take one of the strands • Find the matching RNA bases (not DNA)! • Red=Adenine • White=Uracil • Orange=Cytosine • Green=Guanine • Build the mRNA strand

  12. Gummy Translation • Translation = “Change” • Using your mRNA strand, find the codons (nitrogenous base triplets) • Use the genetic code chart to “translate” to amino acids • Have your tRNA bring in a hard candy representing the amino acids. If you have different amino acids, you should have different colors of hard candy. • Put amino acids together into a strand = Protein!

  13. Work Time • Annotate the packet • Sections 11.4-11.5 • Do all concept checks • Chapter 11 Review • #3-6, 12, 14, 15, 19, 20, 22-24

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