1 / 29

Spatial Pattern Analysis

Spatial Pattern Analysis. Exploring the relationship between ecological pattern, ecological function and ecological processes. Spatial Structure -> Ecological Function -> Change …. pressure, state, response . Spatial Structure. Composition. Configuration. www.mosaicr.com.

aaron
Télécharger la présentation

Spatial Pattern Analysis

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Spatial Pattern Analysis Exploring the relationship between ecological pattern, ecological function and ecological processes. Spatial Structure -> Ecological Function -> Change …. pressure, state, response Spatial Structure Composition Configuration

  2. www.mosaicr.com

  3. Assess Pattern Input = classified input Output = spreadsheet of selected metrics

  4. Spatial Structure • Composition = The presence and amount of each element type without spatially explicit measures. • Proportion, richness, evenness, diversity • Configuration = The physical distribution in space and spatial character of elements. • Isolation, placement, adjacency

  5. Rugosity Jeff Jenness and Pat Iampietro

  6. Histogram Classification 1 band, Red wavelength Multi 3 band “true color” Red, Green, Blue; 5 class, “isodata” R,G,B,IR original continuous data Various histogram classification results 5 class Natural breaks Jenk’s classifier 5 class Equal Interval equal-sized sub-ranges 11 class (1/2 equal Interval) Defined Interval An interval which equally Divides a range 5 class Quantile Each class has equal Number of features 5 class Quantile 1 standard deviation

  7. Clustering Multivariate Spatial Data

  8. Clusters

  9. ISODATA clusters

  10. Inner radius Outer radius

  11. Classification Ridge Upper Slope Middle Slope Flat Lower Slope Valley

  12. 1 “landscape” 3 “patches” Same “class” 1 “patches” differ “class”

  13. Types of Metrics • Area, Density, Diversity • Shape • Core area • Isolation/proximity, Nearest-Neighbor • Contrast metrics • Contagion / Interspersion • Connectivity • Diversity

  14. Area, Density, Diversity Metrics Shannon Diversity Index Patch Density

  15. Shape Metricsperimeter-area relationships Fractal: a pattern composed of identical parts

  16. E = total edge A = total area • Fractal Dimension (D), or (FRACT) • - log P = 1/2D*log A; P = perimeter, A = area • Shape Index (SHAPE) -- complexity of patch compared to standard shape • vector uses circular; raster uses square • Mean Shape Index (MSI) = perimeter-to-area ratio • Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index (AWMSI) • Landscape Shape Index (LSI) fractal dimension indicates the extent to which the fractal object fills the Euclidean dimension

  17. M = number of classes Eik = length of edge between classes Contagion, Interspersion and Juxtaposition • When first proposed (O’Neill 1988) proved incorrect, Li & Reynolds (1993) alternative • Based upon the product of two (2) probabilities • Randomly chosen cell belongs to patch “i” • Conditional probability of given type “i” neighboring cells belongs to “j” • Interspersion (the intermixing of units of different patch types) and Juxtaposition (the mix of different types being adjacent) index (IJI)

  18. 4 5 19 32 13 89 1.45 1.85 ? .69 1.10 ? 30.2 40 ? ? ? ? ? 27 3 4 1.5 4 2 .25 1.12 69 5 4 1.87 10 2 0 1.30 1 1 0 1 89 1 0 1.60 Landscape Metrics Number of Patches 1 Largest Patch 100 Area-weighted mean shape 1 Shannon’s Diversity 0 Interspersion 0 Class Metrics Percent of Landscape | Patch Density | Patch Size CV | Area-weighted Mean Shape

  19. Landscape Ecology • Structure = the spatial relationships among the distinctive ecosystems or “elements” • Function = the interactions among the spatial elements • Change = the alteration in the structure and function of the ecological mosaic over time

  20. Landscape Structure Physiognomy / Pattern • Composition = The presence and amount of each element type without spatially explicit measures. • Proportion, richness, evenness, diversity • Configuration = The physical distribution in space and spatial character of elements. • Isolation, placement, adjacency • ** some metrics do both **

  21. Types of Metics • Area Metrics • Patch Density, Size and Variability • Edge Metrics • Shape Metrics • Core Area Metrics • Nearest-Neighbor Metrics • Diversity Metrics • Contagion and Interspersion Metrics

  22. Shape Metricsperimeter-area relationships • Shape Index (SHAPE) -- complexity of patch compared to standard shape • vector uses circular; raster uses square • Mean Shape Index (MSI) = perimeter-to-area ratio • Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index (AWMSI) • Landscape Shape Index (LSI) • Fractal Dimension (D), or (FRACT) • log P = 1/2D*log A; P = perimeter, A = area • P = sq.rt. A raised to D, and D = 1 (a line) • as polygons move to complexity P = A, and D -> 2 • A few fractal metrics • Double log fractal dimension (DLFD) • Mean patch fractal (MPFD) • Area-weighted mean patch fractal dimension (AWMPFD)

  23. Contagion, Interspersion and Juxtaposition • When first proposed (O’Neill 1988) proved incorrect, Li & Reynolds (1993) alternative • Based upon the product of two (2) probabilities • Randomly chosen cell belongs to patch “i” • Conditional probability of given type “i” neighboring cells belongs to “j” • Interspersion (the intermixing of units of different patch types) and Juxtaposition (the mix of different types being adjacent) index (IJI)

More Related