Universal Cell Phone Sound Amplifier

1. Universal Cell Phone Sound Amplifier

2. DAY 1 Introduction to Sound and the Universal Cell Phone Sound Amplifier Design Challenge

3. Overview/Goals • Pre-Test • Discussion of Pre-Test • Tuning Fork Inquiry • Design Challenge Overview • Homework: Design Challenge Questions

4. Pre-Test Set timer for 15 minutes: http://www.online-stopwatch.com/eggtimer-countdown/full-screen/

5. Pre-Test Discussion 1. What information was familiar to you on the Pre-Test? 2. What information was completely unknown to you on the Pre-Test? 3. What interests you about this unit?

6. Tuning Fork Inquiry How does the medium a sound travels through affect how the sound behaves? http://kevinsheehanphysics-sheehanphysics.blogspot.com/

7. Universal Cell Phone Sound Amplifier Design Challenge

8. This company works directly with the Disaster Relief Association (DRA) to assist with community revival throughout the United States. • Your job is to help them assist others after the recent U.S. catastrophe. DRA needs to make important announcements to the affected people and needs an easy way to amplify these messages. • This is where you come in… pineApple Inc.

9. Design Challenge Overview The sound amplification team from pineApple Inc. has hired your team to design a portable, energy-free, universal sound amplification device. This device can be used in place of any battery-powered or electrical speaker system. Consider the best materials and geometric structural design to produce the loudest and highest quality sound as possible. In order to properly complete the design challenge, teams will need to first research the history of sound amplifiers, understand the behavior of sound waves with respect to various materials, and explore the differences between geometric solids. Each team will choose a design using a decision analysis matrix, create a detailed sketch of the final design, and build the prototype. Your team will evaluate the device’s ability to amplify sound with all constraints in consideration. Each team will prepare a commercial or brochure to promote the design and justify the decision making process.

10. HOMEWORK Design Challenge Questions Directions: • Carefully reread the design challenge overview. • Create 5 questions you have about the challenge and record them below. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest-service-done-its-homework/

11. DAY 2 Team Code of Conduct & Exploration of Roles and Sound Wave Characteristics

12. Overview/Goals • All About Sound • History and Types of Loudspeakers • Code of Conduct and Team Roles

13. All About Sound http://www.linux-mag.com/id/8253/

14. Video Clip: Transmission of Sound waves Sound travels in compressional waves and is produced by vibrations. This video will show how sound can travel through various materials, as well as some of the characteristics of sound waves. • Answer the Pre-Viewing Questions • Pay close attention and complete the Video Guide • Please be prepared to share your answers when the video clip is over! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GkNJvZINSEY

15. Learning the Lingo It is important you can speak the MATH and SCIENCE language. Use the word bank to complete the vocabulary sentences. Each term is used once. It's okay to guess! Sphere Compressional Waves Mechanical Waves Medium Reflection Interference Diffraction Refraction Cylinder Sound Waves Volume Pyramid Cone Amplification

16. Learning the Lingo • Sound Waves: a compressional wave that propagates sound • Mechanical Waves: waves that can travel only through matter • Medium:the matter that sound waves travel through, can be a solid, liquid, gas, or combination of the two • Compressional Waves: matter in the medium moves back and forth along the same direction that the wave travels • Reflection: a wave behavior that results when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off • Refraction: a wave behavior that results when a wave bends and changes in speed as it moves from one medium into another • Diffraction:a wave behavior that results when an object causes a wave to change direction and bend around it Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

17. Learning the Lingo 8. Interference:results when two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave 9. Amplification:a measure of loudness or sound intensity 10. Volume: the number of non-overlapping unit cubes of a given size that will exactly fill the interior of a three-dimensional figure 11. Cylinder: a three-dimensional figure with two parallel congruent circular bases and a curved lateral surface that connects the bases 12. Pyramid: a polyhedron formed by a polygonal base and triangular lateral faces that meet at a common vertex 13. Cone: a three-dimensional figure with a circular base and a curved lateral surface that connects the base to a point called the vertex 14. Sphere: the set of points in space that are a fixed distance from a given point called the center of the sphere Check your answers and make any corrections you need!

18. Sound Wave Characteristics • Sound waves are mechanical waves. • Mechanical waves require a medium. • Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum. • Sound waves travel outwards equally in all directions. http://lasermom.wordpress.com/2012/01/08/crying/ http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/sound/u11l1a.cfm

19. Sound Wave Characteristics • Compression: the dense region of a wave; particles are pushed together • Rarefaction: the spread apart region of a wave; particles are spread apart • Wavelength: distance from compression to compression, or rarefaction to rarefaction https://intranet.rave.ac.uk/display/FComm/Acoustics

20. Sound Wave Characteristics Vibrations produced from a source carry energy. This energy causes air particles to compress outward from the source. When the waves reach our ears, we can hear the sounds produced. • Amplitude: measures the amount of energy carried by a sound wave • Amplification: a measure of loudness or sound intensity http://www.pimall.com/nais/e.sound.html http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/basic-waves-theory.html

21. Sound Wave Characteristics HIGH AMPLITUDE LOW AMPLITUDE • Dense compressions • Clear rarefactions • Example: Yelling • Spaced out compressions • Unclear rarefactions • Example: Whispering http://jameystegmaier.com/2012/01/best-of-the-blog-2011/whispering-2/ http://specialedpost.com/2013/05/27/why-adhd-rates-vary-from-country-to-country/shouting/

22. Wave Behaviors REFLECTION REFRACTION • occurs when a wave strikes a surface and bounces off • occurs when a wave bends from one material into another and changes speed http://openclipart.org/tags/sound?page=6 http://hendrix2.uoregon.edu/~imamura/102/section4/chapter20.html

23. Wave Behaviors DIFFRACTION INTERFERENCE • occurs when a wave changes direction to bend around a barrier • occurs when two or more waves combine and form a new wave http://library.thinkquest.org/19537/Physics5.html http://physicshelp.co.uk/diffraction.php

24. History and Types of Loudspeakers • http://www.edisontechcenter.org/speakers.html (Scroll down the page to show video clip: First Hornless Loudspeaker: 1921 Prototype)

25. Code of Conduct and Team Roles All team members must contribute and cooperate with one another in order to successfully complete your design challenge. You will each choose a team role with designated responsibilities. Your team will create a code of conduct to help you stay on track.

26. Code of Conduct and Team Roles • Communication Representative: Leads conversation and keeps team on task • Recording Specialist: Records notes and keeps data information for the team. • Construction Manager: In charge of making sure all of the materials are provided and brought in to class on designated day and keeps team on building schedule. • Design Manager: The matrix organizer leader and during the building process they will be in charge Decide among your team members who will assume each of the above roles. List your names on the handout provided. Using the suggested words, compose your team Code of Conduct, determine a team consequence should someone step out, and have all group members sign their John Hancock at the bottom!

27. DAY 3 In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids & Further Explanation of Design Challenge

28. Overview/Goals • In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids • Review of Sound Waves Activity • Quick Review of Design Challenge • Homework: In-Class Museum Follow-up

29. In-Class Museum - Volume of Solids • You will rotate the stations of this museum with your team members • Each person fills out their own paper • Use one person's phone to look up the correct formulas • Show your work or explain how you arrived at each answer

30. Okay, five more minutes: You may now use your resources to locate and fill in the answers. Review of Sound Waves Five minutes: See how many you can fill in! Do not guess answers.

31. Quick Review of Design Challenge All of your design challenge questions have been compiled. Lets consider what you have learned since then and clarify the design challenge expectations. Here are the TOP 5 sought after questions AND answers!

32. Quick Review of Design Challenge QUESTION #1 ANSWER

33. Quick Review of Design Challenge QUESTION #2 ANSWER

34. Quick Review of Design Challenge QUESTION #3 ANSWER

35. Quick Review of Design Challenge QUESTION #4 ANSWER

36. Quick Review of Design Challenge QUESTION #5 ANSWER

37. Exploration of Materials • Answer the Pre-lab questions • Review the procedure • Experiment with cup phones made of various materials • Write your observations • Discuss ideas regarding materials to be used in the design challenge

38. HOMEWORKIn-Class Museum Follow-up Directions: • Now that you have seen the correct formulas and the values for those variables, use a pen to correct your original work. • I want to see work in both pencil and pen, to see the corrections and effort you put forth. http://ncfp.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/has-the-forest-service-done-its-homework/

39. DAY 4 Understanding Sound Wave Characteristics and Volume of Geometric Solids and Brainstorming

40. Overview/Goals • Exploration of Materials Lab • Post-it Brainstorm • Individual Sketching • Presentation of Sketches to Team • Selection of Top 3 Designs

41. Post-It Note Brainstorming 1. Take 3 minutes to individually write down as many ideas as you can. • Only one idea per post-it note • The ideas can be single words, pictures, or thought out designs http://www.promotional-product-solutions.com/Post-IT.html

42. http://prettyspoiled.com/2013/06/05/ea-shell-beauty-look/ http://skeepers.blogspot.com/2011/01/cool-buildings.html http://www.actsofnature.com/photogallery/photo/241/ http://www.jon-atkinson.com/Canada_Wildlife.html http://science.howstuffworks.com/transport/engines-equipment/steam.htm http://www.officialpsds.com/Old-School-Record-Player-PSD28399.html http://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/21stcentury.html http://trisaetum.com/about/winery/barrel-cave/

43. http://www.myhero.com/go/hero.asp?hero=Rembrandt_06, http://cheerleading.lovetoknow.com/Cheer_Megaphone, http://www.artboxbz.com/shop/category.aspx?catid=48, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Municipal_Theater_of_Girona_Interiors.jpg, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg, http://joebrowns.blogspot.com/2012/02/cool-places-to-visit-around-world.html, http://www.cockburn.leeds.sch.uk/stump-cross-caverns-and-coldstones-cut-visit

44. Post-It Note Brainstorming 2. Now, one at a time share what is on one of the post-its in your stack. • Put these in the middle to make a big group pile 3. When someone adds a post-it idea to the team stack, everyone else in the group needs to write down a new idea and add it to their individual stack to share later. 4. Do this for 7 minutes or until you run out of ideas.

45. Individual Sketching Inspired? • Take 10 minutes on your own to sketch 3 or more conceptual drawings of a universal cell phone sound amplifier • You will be sharing these with your team members, so please do not discuss during the time given for your individual sketching

46. Presentation of Sketches to Team • Each team member presents one sketch at a time to the team • Rotate around the group until each person has shared all 3 sketches • Explain your sketch and ensure that everyone understands the purpose and function of your design • Ask questions of one another’s designs and point out key functions, outstanding pieces, or critical components

47. Selection of Top 3 Designs • As a team, narrow down to three sketches total • Think about how “best features” can incorporated into the top three designs, even if they are from designs that were not selected • Be positive as you critique each sketch and eliminate some designs

48. DAY 5 Decision Analysis and Selecting of Team Prototype Design

49. Overview/Goals • Entrance Slip • Decision Analysis Matrix and Design Selection • Organize Materials List for Building • Homework: Gather Materials for Construction

50. Entrance Slip Complete the 5 questions on the half-slip of paper, make sure your name is on it & turn it in when finished!