1 / 43

Comprehensive Overview of Upper GI Tract and Small Bowel Anatomy and Function

This chapter delves into the anatomy and function of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the pharynx, esophagus, and small intestine. In addition, it discusses the role of accessory organs such as the salivary glands, pancreas, and gallbladder in digestion. Key concepts such as deglutition, normal esophageal indentations, and imaging techniques like Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) are highlighted. The chapter also covers the stomach's anatomy, the process of digestion, and procedures for imaging the gastrointestinal tract, providing vital insights for medical professionals and students.

abdalla
Télécharger la présentation

Comprehensive Overview of Upper GI Tract and Small Bowel Anatomy and Function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 12/13 Upper GI & Small Bowel

  2. Alimentary Canal • _______________ • Pharynx • Esophagus • _______________ • Small intestine • ______________ • Anus

  3. Accessory Organs • Salivary Glands • ___________ • Submandibular • __________ • Pancreas • ____________ • Gallbladder

  4. Digestion Terms • _____________ – Chewing • ____________ – Swallowing • _________ – Wavelike involuntary muscle contractions

  5. Oral Cavity(Mouth) • ___________ • Hard and Soft Palate • __________ • Tongue

  6. Pharynx(Throat) • ______________ • Posterior to Nasal Cavity • ______________ • Posterior to Oral Cavity • _______________ • Posterior to Larynx

  7. Deglutition • Bolus to __________ oral cavity • Soft palate closes off ____________ • Trachea elevates and ________ folds over • Food enters ___________

  8. Esophagus • Muscular canal • Approx. 10 inches long • Starts posterior to _____________ • Ends at _____________

  9. Esophagus • Posterior to the ___________ • Anterior to _____________Vertebra • Passes through the Diaphragm • _________________

  10. Esophagus • 2 Normal indentations (Stenosis) • ___________ • ______________

  11. Esophagus • Abdominal Segment • _____________ • Attaches to the Stomach • Esophagogastric Junction _______________

  12. Modified Barium Swallow(MBS) • Evaluates ___________ • Focus is on _____________ esophagus at the area of the _____________ • Watch for __________ with various consistencies. • Epiglottis Movement

  13. MBS • Assist _____________ • Record Study • Tape • Digital

  14. Esophagus Imaging Routine • PA • RAO • Lateral • Recumbent or Erect • Expose during 3rd swallow of Barium • 90 kVp

  15. PA Esophagus • Place pt ____with head turned toward tech • Center mid-sagittal at _________ • Have top of cassette at ___________and center to film • Have pt take ______________of barium. Expose on _______ • Collimate to approx 4” transverse field

  16. RAO Esophagus • ____________ • CR to T5-6 • _____________of spine • Expose during ____________ • Collimate to approx 4” transverse field • Esophagus should be between vertebral column and __________

  17. Lateral Esophagus • Rt or Lt however pt _________________ • Center at T5-6 • Mid _______________- • Collimate to approx 5-6” transverse field

  18. Gastro OpeningsProximal • Esophagogastric junction (cardiac orifice) • ___________– Opening into the Stomach • ___________– Allows food to enter • ____________- Superior indentation off cardiac orifice

  19. Gastro OpeningsDistal • Pyloric Orifice • _________ • _________– allows food to enter small intestine

  20. Stomach Anatomy • ________ – Folds • _________ – Superior portion • _________ – Large middle portion • ______ Curvature – Medial border, Concave • ______Curvature – Lateral border, Convex

  21. Stomach Anatomy • Pyloric Portion • Pyloric __________ • Pyloric _________ • Pyloric _______________ • Angular Notch – Separates the Body from Pyloric

  22. Air-Barium Distribution • _____________ – Barium in Fundus, Air in Body/Pylorus • ____________ – Barium in Body/Pylorus, Air in Fundus • ____________ – Barium in Body/Pylorus leveled off, Air in Fundus

  23. Body Habitus • Watch _________ for position of stomach • Hypersthenic – Higher stomach __________ • Sthenic – Mid range __________ • Hyposthenic – Lower ______________

  24. Small Bowel Anatomy • _______________ – 1st and shortest portion off of stomach (Pyloric sphincter) • _____________ – 2nd portion off Duodenum (Duodenojejunal flexure). Feathery appearance • ____________ – 3rd and longest portion. Terminates at ileocecal valve (RLQ) Smoother apperance

  25. Duodenum • First portion of small intestine • 8-10 inches long • ‘C’ shaped due to head of __________ • ____________– 1st portion of duodenum. • Must be seen on UGI study

  26. Duodenum • ________________ portion – Receives bile and pancreatic enzymes • Horizontal and ascending portion – Forms remainder of ‘C’ shape • ________________ flexure – Duodenal and jejunum transition

  27. UGI Prep • NPO ___________ • Flouro working • Radiologist equipment ready • ___________ • ____________ • Paddle • Anything else • Pt ___________________

  28. UGI • If possible pt starts ___________ • If dual contrast pt swallows ________________ • Instruct the patient not to ________

  29. UGI • ______________ Barium • Coats the esophagus and stomach • Lay the table down and assist the patient • _____________ Barium • To fill the stomach

  30. UGI with NG • ___________Barium • Large Syringe • Draw up thin barium and inject through NG • ________________

  31. UGI Imaging Routine • AP Scout • PA • Slight RAO • Steep RAO • Rt Lateral • AP • 100kVp • 40”SID

  32. The Scout Film • Prior to most fluoro procedure • Assesses _______________ • Gives an overview prior to barium

  33. AP & Scout High KUB • Supine • CR Midline • ______________iliac crest • Expose on _________________

  34. PA UGI • Prone • Center at duodenal bulb ___________ • ____________of mid-line • Watch fluoro

  35. Slight RAO • ______________ • Center at L- 1 or 2 • Halfway between ______________lateral aspect of body

  36. Steep RAO • __________ • Center as Slight RAO

  37. Rt Lateral • Pt on Rt side • Center at __________ • _______________to mid-coronal plane • Bend knees for stability

  38. Tip for L-2 finding • Level of ________________is extended • _____________!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

  39. Small Bowel Series • Patient prep • NPO ___________ • Bowel prep • Have ready • _________________ • Unless UGI 1st

  40. Small Bowel Series • Sometimes done in conjunction _______ • SBS occurs _______________overheads with timed PA • SBS only. • After _______________of Barium timed PA

  41. SBS • _____________are usually 15 min, 30 min and every 30 unless rad says otherwise • Continues until contrast reaches ___________ • Spot film of the _____________concludes SBS

  42. PA KUB • Place pt prone • CR for early films _______________iliac crest • CR for late films (after 30 min) _________

  43. Enteroclysis • _____________Small Bowel study • Requires • ____________ • Barium • Air or Methylcellulose • _________ • Rad inserts _____________to duodenum followed by solutions with spot films and rad preference overheads.

More Related