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Crossing over is a crucial process during meiosis in which homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This exchange occurs during prophase I, leading to increased genetic variation in gametes. It plays a significant role in evolution by promoting diversity within populations. In this article, we explore the mechanics of crossing over, the enzymes and proteins involved, and its implications for heredity and genetic disorders. Understanding this process sheds light on fundamental biological principles and the inheritance of traits.
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