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The Integumentary System

Dive into the intriguing world of the integumentary system, which plays a crucial role in protecting our body. Covering an impressive surface area of 1.2 to 2.2 square meters and weighing around 4 to 5 kg, our skin undergoes constant renewal with a new epidermis every 25 to 45 days. Explore the two main layers: the epidermis, made of epithelial tissue, and the dermis, composed of connective tissue. Discover the unique cells that give our skin its characteristics, from keratinocytes to melanocytes, and learn about skin pigments, appendages, and the various signs of skin health and disease.

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The Integumentary System

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  1. The Integumentary System Chapter 5

  2. Cool Skin Facts: Surface Area = 1.2-2.2 sq.m(1/2 white board) Weight = 4-5 kg (8-9lbs) 7% of body weight Thickness – 1.5-4.0 mm Millions rub off each day- New epidermis every 25-45 days

  3. Two Regions Epidermis • Composed of epithelial tissue • Outermost layer • Non-vascular • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium • Composed of fibrous connective tissue • Underlying layer • vascularized Dermis

  4. Cells of the epidermis • Keratinocytes- produce keratin, tightly connected by desmosomes, continuous mitosis • Melanocytes-pigment called melanin(protects from UV), spider-shaped cells, found in deepest layer of epidermis • Merkel cells-shaped like spikey hemisphere, Merkel disc has sensory function • Langerhans cells -made on bone marrow, macrophages

  5. Layers of Epidermis • Stratum Basale- ( Basal Layer) bottom, attached to dermis, youngest keratinocytes, 10-25% are melanocytes • Stratum Spinosum (Prickly Layer) intermediate filaments resist tension attach to desmosomes, keratinocytes appear spiny • Stratum Granulosum (Grandular layer) 3-5 layers thick, keratinocytes flatten, accumulate keratohyaline and lamellated granules

  6. Epidermis layers cont. • Stratum Lucidum (clear layer)- thin, translucent, dead keratinocytes • Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer)- 20-30 layers thick, ¾ of epidermal thickness, 40 lbs shed in lifetime

  7. Dermis Papillary and Reticular Layers

  8. Papillary • Thin, blood vessel rich, areolar connective, collagen and elastin fibers, loosely woven • Dermal papillae- indent overlying epidermis, touch receptors(Meissner’s corpuscles), fingerprints

  9. Reticular Layer • 80% of thickness of dermal layer • Dense irregular connective tissue • Extra cellular matrix contains thick bundles of interlacing collagen fibers, form cleavage, tension and lines in the skin, flexure lines (at joints)

  10. Skin Pigments • Melanin- • Protects from UV • All have same number only make different amounts • Carotene- • Yellow to orange • Accumulates in fatty tissue and stratum corneum (soles of feet and palms) • *Hemoglobin (found in Red blood cells) can give reddish hue

  11. Skin color signs of diseases • Redness (erythema)- embarrassment, fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy • Pallor (pale)- fear, anger, stress, anemia, low blood pressure • Jaundice (yellow)- liver disorder, bile pigments accumulate in body tissues, bilirubin secreted by liver cells as component of bile

  12. Skin diseases continued…. • Bronzing-Addison’s disease, hypofunction of adrenal cortex • Black and blue marks- hematomas (bruise)

  13. Appendages of the skin • Nails • Sweat glands (sudiferous glands) pH 4-6 • Eccrine (merocrine)-palms, soles of feet, forehead • Apocrine gland- hair follicles, body odor, musky, unknown function • Other- ceruminous glands (ear wax) • Mammary glands- milk • Sebaceous glands (oil) • Hair

  14. Sebaceous Oil glands • Found everywhere except palms, soles of feet • Holocrine gland • Sebum- oily • Soften and lubricates hair • Bactericidal action • Seborrhea – “cradle cap”

  15. Nails • Hard Keratin • http://www.thaimedicalnews.com/wp-content/uploads/healthy-finger-nails-diagram.gif

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