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SELF HEALING POLYMER

introduction to self healing polymer , types of self healing polymers and its application is shared

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SELF HEALING POLYMER

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  1. SELF HEALING POLYMER ABHIJITH V TCR20CH065 Chemical Engineering Govt. Engineering college Trissur

  2. CONTENTS Introduction What is self healing polymer ? Why self healing ? Types of self healing polymers Intrinsic systems Extrinsic systems Factors affecting healing process Problems and challenges Conclusion References

  3. Introduction • Self healing polymers are innovative materials designed to autonomously repair damage • Contain mechanism such as – bond formation, microcapsules etc. for mending cracks • A key focus of current scientific research is the development of bio inspired material system • Many natural materials are themselves self-healing materials • Lightweight , high strength , high stiffness self healing polymers are leading contenders as component materials to improve the efficiency and sustainability of many forms of transport • Application across industries • Reduced maintenance cost

  4. WHAT IS SELF HEALING POLYMER? • Self healing polymers are synthetically created ‘smart materials’ • It have the build in ability to automatically repair damage to themselves without any external diagnosis • These materials are inspired by biological systems

  5. WHY SELF HEALING ? • Traditional repairs are expensive • Respond to damage and can restore it’s performance without effecting inherent properties • KEY!---No human intervention required • Can heal minute cuts (a) Before healing (b) Healing stage

  6. TYPES OF SELF HEALING POLYMERS INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC Polymers that don’t need an external agent to repair damage Polymers that when mixed with an external agent that’s put inside , can repair damage

  7. INTRINSIC SYSTEMS 1.Dynamic Covalent bonds • Mechanism: Polymers containing dynamic covalent bonds, such as reversible Diels-Alder reactions or disulfide bonds, can undergo bond exchange when damaged. • Example Polymers: Polyurethanes and polyimides Fig. Disulphide bond in polyamides

  8. 2.Supermolecular Interactions • Mechanism: Supramolecular interactions can be reversible, enabling the polymer to reform its structure after damage. • Hydrogen cross links are formed • Hydrogen bonding is a common supermolecular interaction used for intrinsic self-healing. • Example Polymers: Polymers with hydrogen bonding- eg. Urea derivatives • Eg. Di(amidoethyl)urea • .Dimethylurea H-bond

  9. 3.Thermoplasticity • Mechanism: Thermoplastic polymers can be heated above their melting point, allowing the damaged regions to flow and fuse back together upon cooling. This process is often repeatable. • Example Polymers: Thermoplastic polymers • Eg. polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) • . polyethele based system • .polyamide based system

  10. EXTRINSIC SYSTEMS • Healing agents will be stored inside the polymer in microcapsules or vascular network , or solid particle dispersed in the polymer matrix • The damage releases their reactive fluid into the crack and allow the restoration of material functionalities • Extrinsic self healing materials can achieve healing efficiencies over 90% even when the damage is large

  11. 1.Micro-Encapsulation • Microencapsulation self healing involves the use of a monomer , Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), stored in urea-formaldehyde microcapsules dispersed within a polymer matrix. • Grubbs catalyst • When the microcapsules are ruptured by a crack , the monomer comes into contact with a dispersed particulate catalyst , thus initiating polymerization and repair • Its disadvantage is the necessity for capsule rupture and the need for catalyst .

  12. Microcapsules under SEM DCPD stored in urea-formaldehide micro capsules

  13. 2.Hollow Glass Tubes and Glass Fibers • Self-healing using hollow fibers embedded within an engineering structure , similar to the arteries in a natural system • Here the self healing material acts as the structural fibers • 1. insert hollow fibre into the matrix material • 2.hollow fibre is equipped with repair agent liquid • 3.when material is damaged , repair fluid flows to the crack and heals the area • Hollow fibre made up of cyanoacrylate

  14. (a) All hollow pipes contained only one kind of resin (b) Resin in one pipe and epoxy hardener in other DETA (c) Pipes and spheres are used simultaneously

  15. Factors affecting healing process • Chemistry of the polymer • Healing agent selection • Environmental condition • Damage type and severity

  16. APPLICATIONS Aerospace • construction of aircraft components to repair damage caused by impact or environmental factors, enhancing the safety and reliability of aerospace structures. • Polyetheretherketone is used in aerospace application • Different type of composits are also using

  17. Military Paints/Coatings • Self healing armor and body protection • Heal bullet wounds • A prototype of such material is already exists –Dupont’s Surlyn– show good properties to heal after ballistic damage • One of the first commercial self-healing materials- "Scratch Guard Coat" was released by Nisan in December of 2005. • Healing from one day to a week depending on temperature , depth of scratch etc. • NANOMYTE® MEND -is the latest and advanced self healing coating

  18. Problems and challenges • Environmental sensitivity • Healing efficiency • Multiple healing events • Cost • Long term stability • Toxicity and bio compatibility

  19. Conclusion • self-healing polymers represent a promising class of materials • While significant progress has been made in the development of self-healing polymers • several challenges still need to be addressed to fully unlock their potential for widespread use. • The identification of reliable and efficient trigger mechanisms, improvement of healing efficiency, and addressing the issue of multiple healing events are critical areas of research • ensuring environmental sensitivity, compatibility with processing techniques, and long-term stability are essential for practical applications. • In the coming years, collaboration between researchers, engineers, and industry stakeholders will be crucial for translating laboratory successes into real-world applications • self-healing polymers have the potential to play a significant role in enhancing the longevity, reliability, safety and sustainability of various products and systems.

  20. References • Self-Healing PolymerS, Gerald O. Wilson, H. Magnus Andersson, Scott R. White, Nancy R. Sottos, Jeffrey S. Moore, Paul V. Braun • First published: 15 September 2010 • Yuan YC, Yin T, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ (2008). "Self healing in polymers and polymer composites. Concepts, realization and outlook: A review". • L. Pernigoni, U. Lafont, A.M. Grande • Self-healing Materials for Space Applications: Overview of Present Development and Major Limitations • Self-Healing Polymers: From Principles to Application- book byWolfgang H. Binder • Self-Healing Polymers: From Principles to Applications ,February 2013, DOI:10.1002/marc.201200689 • Self healing polymers ; Synthesis method and Application , Kakarla Raghava Reddy

  21. THANK YOU

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