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System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology. System Dynamics: Dynamics of systems containing humans as "components". It tries to model (the results of) human interactions within a (somehow) defined system.

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System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

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  1. System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology • System Dynamics: • Dynamics of systems containing humans as "components". It tries to model (the results of) human interactions within a (somehow) defined system. • System dynamics was created during the mid-1950sby Jay Forrester, MIT. He first applied it to successfully solve perplexing oscillations in employment at a company. • SD has developedinto a parallelacademicsubculture to themuchbiggeractivitycontrolengineering, which is used for technical systems.

  2. SD assumes that humans make rational decisions if they have reasonably correct information and understanding of the boundaries, structure and interactions of the system under question. • SD alsorecognisesthat «components» changepropertieswhentheyareawareofthe system theyinhabit(example: epidemics, bloodfeuds), as opposed to a system with non-thinkingcomponents. • The above is necessary for rational decision-making. • … but I will argue – based on evolutionary psychology - that SD is not sufficient! • But first, about SD, explainedthrough an example:

  3. System dynamics example: Should one increase road capacity to reduce congestion? A “causal diagram” [From John Sterman: Business Dynamics (McGraw Hill, 2000) ]

  4. “-but system dynamics recognises bounded rationality”! [From John Sterman: Business Dynamics (McGraw Hill, 2000) ]:

  5. … men så:

  6. So, when all decision makers agree to discuss based on a valid SD model, will a rational decision be made? • Enter evolutionarypsychology (“EP”):

  7. … a rational decision won’t necessarily be made! • Controversies about EP exist, but it is widely agreed that some problematic in-built mental traits were favourable in producing descendants in a stone age setting. • … hard-wired into us by evolution over tens of thousands of generations. Evolutionary selection does not apply only below the neck. • First, for balance, some nice traits: empathy, loyalty, self-sacrifice, caring for children, curiosity, sociality, cooperativity. All contributed to having descendants that could have further descendants. • BUT: aggression, selfishness, narcissism (we want to be noticed), greed, climbing strategies (suck up to the alphas, dump on your rivals), intrigues, herd mentality, need to be right at any cost, hostility to the outgroup, manipulativenessand cheating.

  8. ... (continued) • But it will help very much if our common problematic in-built mental traits were broadly recognised and openly discussed … • … even during decision processes (whew!) • This is obviously not easy for most of us… • But it has to be done, since humans need this to make more rational decisions. • One step in this direction is to include evolutionary psychology in system dynamics. • BUT: Assumingthatthis is a wisemove, thiswill be especiallypainful for manyprofessions- amongothers: academics!

  9. (franåav, norsk:) “Skravleklassen”: økendeinnflytelse, problematisketrekk • Grunnet teknologisk framgang og ditto økende produktivitet kan en stadig større andel av yrkesbefolkninga leve av å skrive og «å snakke»: universiteter, «profesjonalisert» politikk, jus, mediene, underholdning, reklame og «kommunikasjon». • Forestill deg en horisontal linje, med «håndverkere» i den ene enden og «snakkere» i den andre. Hvem er mest opptatte av å «bli sett»? akademiker innen humaniora renholder kassa-ansatt reklamefolk snekker MEG! lærer politiker kontorslave sjåfør poet billedkunstner S H regnskap advokat journalist flyger ingeniør akademiker innen teknologi pleier kirurg musiker bonde

  10. “Skravleklassen”: økendeinnflytelse, problematisketrekk • De som er langt til høyre på aksen er mer avhengige av å besitte anerkjennelse eller «kulturell kapital» (a la Bourdieu) enn de til venstre, fordi de ikke framstår som umiddelbart verdifulle eller nyttige gjennom det de gjør. • De måderforhøsteanerkjennelse (akkumulereogholdepåprestisje) gjennomikke-materiellestrategier. Deteret strev etter å «bli sett». • Kulturell k. er flyktig. Dette skaper utrygghet.

  11. Mitt «framtidssamfunn»: Vi kan åpent snakke om andres mulige vikarierende motiver, også i forsamlinger og i mediene. Men vi er avslappa og humoristiske, og vedgår også egen dårskap når andre peker på den. «Krenking» er ikke lenger noe man kan påberope seg. • Samtidig er det jo personer fra skravleklassen som kontroller arenaene for offentlig samtale, og som har de største ferdigheter i å benytte disse. • Hvis evolusjonspsykologiske innsikter om våre innebyggede dårskaps-tilbøyeligheter i større grad bør prege menneskelig interaksjon privat og i samfunnet, kan vi da forvente at slike som har mest «ansikt å tape» på ei slik utvikling, og samtidig styrer og tar mest plass i den offentlige samtale og på dens arenaer, er villige til å hjelpe til å fremme ei slik utvikling?

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