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Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves, seeds and Flowers

Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves, seeds and Flowers. Why are Plants so Important?. Produce oxygen Take out carbon dioxide from our world Can be used to make medicine Can be used as shelter Make food (so we have energy) Can make paper, desks, walls, etc. Parts of a Plant.

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Plants: Roots, Stems, Leaves, seeds and Flowers

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  1. Plants:Roots, Stems, Leaves, seeds and Flowers

  2. Why are Plants so Important? • Produce oxygen • Take out carbon dioxide from our world • Can be used to make medicine • Can be used as shelter • Make food (so we have energy) • Can make paper, desks, walls, etc

  3. Parts of a Plant

  4. Label all parts of plant • Words to use: • - Root - Flower • - Stem - Fruit • Leaves - Seeds

  5. Roots – 2 types a) Taproot b) Fibrous Example: Carrots, Turnips Examples: Corn, Beans

  6. Functions of ROOTS • Anchors to hold plants in place • Absorb water and minerals • Transport water and minerals to stem • Sometimes used for food storage

  7. A Closer Look at Roots

  8. Cross Section of a Root

  9. How Can Plant Roots Get Damaged? • Adding chemicals to soil (pesticides, chemical waste, etc) • People cutting down trees – chopping off the roots • Putting salt on roads – salt ends up in the Earth/soil • Forest fires (destroy plants and their roots)

  10. What happens when a plant’s roots are damaged? • Plant will not grow and die

  11. What makes the roots grow downwards? • A hormone inside the plant called ‘gravitropism’ makes the roots grow downwards

  12. Let’s Look at Stems now 

  13. Functions of Stems • To hold leaves up to the sunlight • To transport materials between roots and leaves • Food Storage (Example: Irish potato tubers) • Protection (Example – thorns) • Can be used to create new plants • Can carry out photosynthesis (if stem is green – like cactus plant)

  14. Stems – 2 types a) Herbaceous b) Woody Example: Tulips Examples: Trees and shrubs

  15. Annual Rings • Each year an ‘annual ring’ forms • Scientists count up these annual rings and determine the age of the plant. • Scientists examine the thickness of these annual rings to determine the length of the growing season (i.e. how long summer was, etc)

  16. Cross Section of a Stem

  17. How Can Plant Stems Get Damaged? • People/animals cut down trees • Harsh weather (like snow, high winds, floods) can break off branches • Acid precipitation • Forest fires

  18. What happens when a plant’s Stems are damaged? • Transport of food/water to leaves does not happen – can lead to plant death • Plant not supported properly – so plant falls over • No photosynthesis in green stems

  19. What makes the Stems grow Upwards? • A hormone inside the plant called ‘gravitropism’ makes the stems (shoots) grow upwards

  20. Its all about the Leaves

  21. Main Functions • Primary site of photosynthesis • Must be able to: • Capture sunlight • Be able to carry out gas exchange • Prevent dehydration • Regulate water loss by opening and closingguard cells • Storage (for food and water) • Support (like for the tendrils on grape vines)

  22. If carrying out photosynthesis was the main function of leaves, then why aren’t all leaves very wide? If leaves were too wide, then leaves would dry out too quickly

  23. Basic Leaf Structure

  24. How Can Plant leaves Get Damaged? • Insects eating them • Pesticide usage on them (can burn the leaf or prevent photosynthesis) • Acid rain (chemicals) can burn the epidermis of the leaf • Forest fires and natural disasters can kill plants

  25. What happens when a plant’s leaves are damaged? • No photosynthesis can occur • This means: - no oxygen being made - no food being made by plants (so - animals that eat plants cannot, so they die)

  26. What’s with these Seeds …

  27. Seeds vs. Spores • Seeds – have genetic information and nutrition (fleshy part) • Spores – only genetic information (no food or nutrition, no fleshy parts)

  28. Main Function of Seeds/Spores • To hold genetic information and create new plant

  29. Parts of a Seed • Seed cover – protects embryo • Embryo - little plant - contains food to nourish plant • Seed leaves (cotyledons) - provide the necessary food energy until roots and true leaves form.

  30. How Can Plant Seeds/spores Get Damaged? • Humans touching them and destroying them • Acid rain • Chemicals being thrown onto plants • Too much heat/cold

  31. What happens when a plant’s Seeds/spores are damaged? • Plant will not grow

  32. Fruit/Flowers 

  33. Main Function of Fruits/Flowers • To help plant produce a new plant (help hold and protect genetic information and later on get the seeds/pollen/spores out)

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