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The Deep Blue Sea

By Jessica Tancordo. The Deep Blue Sea. Geography. covers 360 million km 2 3 major ocean basins Pacific-180 million km 2 Atlantic-106 million km 2 Indian-75 million km 2. Structure . Temperature. Sunlight absorbed Kinetic state Temperature

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The Deep Blue Sea

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  1. By Jessica Tancordo The Deep Blue Sea

  2. Geography • covers 360 million km2 • 3 major ocean basins • Pacific-180 million km2 • Atlantic-106 million km2 • Indian-75 million km2

  3. Structure

  4. Temperature Sunlight absorbed Kinetic state Temperature Thermal stratification - layering of water by temperature which is a permanent feature of tropical oceans Thermocline - a layer of water in which temperature changes rapidly with depth Lowest average temp: -1.50C Highest average temp: 270C Temperate zone at 400 Latitude- greatest stability at 100 m deep

  5. Current What does it transport? What does it do? • nutrients • oxygen • heat • organisms • Gyres – circulation systems move to right of N. Hemis and left of S. Hemis • Upwelling – wind blows surface water offshore allowing colder water to rise to surface • Moderate climates • fertilizes the surface waters off continents • stimulate photosynthesis • promote gene flow through populations

  6. Chemical Conditions • Salinity varies with latitude among seas. • Lowest salinities – near equator and above 400N latitudes- precipitation high & evaporation low • Highest salinities – subtropics- precipitation low and evaporation high • Varies in small enclosed basins • Baltic and Red Sea • Oxygen increases at surface and decreases with depth

  7. Biology • Phytoplankton – microscopic photosynthetic organisms that drift with current • Zooplankton – small animals that drift with current • Ranges from brightly colored organisms in epipelagic zone to bioluminescent organisms in the abyssalpelagic zone • Nourished by organic matter provided by photosynthesis at surface.

  8. Biology continued • The deep ocean referedto as “Biological Desert” • ¼ total photosynthesis in biosphere • Provides substantial amount of global carbon and oxygen. • Little that can be harvested economically for direct human consumptions in the open ocean.

  9. Human influences • Whale populations • Harvesting krill • Dumping of wastes • Strandings • Organisms swallowing and getting caught in trash • Decrease in global carbon and oxygen • Overfishing affects other populations of others.

  10. Why does the Baltic sea have low salinity? • A) It receives freshwater from temperate and boreal biomes • B) it has high precipitation • C) it has low evaporation • D) all of the above

  11. What is Thermocline? • A) a layer of water in which temperature changes rapidly with depth • B) layering of water by temperature which is a permanent feature of tropical oceans. • C) when your thermostat is at your fathers desired temperature. • D) none of the above

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