1 / 25

The Deep Sea

The Deep Sea. Mesopelagic. Division of the Deep Sea. Mesopelagic Effective light penetration - 1,000 m. Bathypelagic 1,000 - 4,000 m. Abyssopelagic 4,000 - 6,000 m. Hadopelagic 6,000 m. or more. Sampling Considerations. The depth of the habitat creates a logistical problem

rafal
Télécharger la présentation

The Deep Sea

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. The Deep Sea Mesopelagic Deep Sea

  2. Division of the Deep Sea • Mesopelagic • Effective light penetration - 1,000 m. • Bathypelagic • 1,000 - 4,000 m. • Abyssopelagic • 4,000 - 6,000 m. • Hadopelagic • 6,000 m. or more Deep Sea

  3. Sampling Considerations • The depth of the habitat creates a logistical problem • Animals arrive dead due to the drastic pressure change • These problems lead to the possibility of inaccurate conclusions on population size Deep Sea

  4. Submersibles and ROV’s • Submersibles and Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) are the ideal method for sampling the deep sea Alvin submersible. Photo source: WHOI Visit the Alvin website Deep Sea

  5. Submersibles and ROV’s Jason II Photo source: WHOI Visit the Jason II website Deep Sea

  6. The Mesopelagic • A world of twilight which cannot support photosynthesis • Animals that live in the mesopelagic must deal with the Oxygen Minimum Layer Deep Sea

  7. Mesopelagic Fauna • Krill and copepods dominate • Arrow worms, squid, jellyfishes and other invertebrates are important predators • Most of the animals that live in the mesopelagic have light organs or photophores Deep Sea

  8. The Deep Scattering Layer • Many mesopelagic animals also migrate to the surface waters at night to eat Deep Sea

  9. Mesopelagic Fish Deep Sea

  10. Bioluminescence • Definition - _____________________________ • Bioluminescence occurs most notably in the mesopelagic • Light producing organs are called ___________ • What are photophores used for? Deep Sea

  11. The Deep Sea The world of complete darkness Deep Sea

  12. Environmental conditions • Light • Most of the deep sea is aphotic • Due to the dependence on the surface waters for nutrients, there is very little life below the mesopelagic Deep Sea

  13. Pressure • Until recently, physiology on these animals was very difficult since bringing them to the surface usually results in mortality Deep Sea

  14. Temperature • At 1000 m temperature is 4-6 C • With an increase in depth temperature changes very little • There is no other habitat on the planet which exhibits such a stable temperature Deep Sea

  15. Adaptations of Deep Sea Organisms • Food is a limiting factor! • How do deep sea organisms ensure food capture? Deep Sea

  16. Adaptations of Deep Sea Organisms Deep Sea

  17. Hinged Head Deep Sea

  18. You Have Beautiful Eyes

  19. Reproduction • In a sparsely populated world mates are difficult to find • Most deep sea fishes are _____________ and attract each other through bioluminescence Deep Sea

  20. Invertebrates • Invertebrates are purple (jellyfish) or red (copepods) • Many invertebrates are transparent Deep Sea

  21. Abyssal Gigantism • The phenomena where some species attain large sizes not seen any where else • Isopod – sea roach can reach 40 – 50 cm. (Bathynomeus giganteus) • Amphipod – 15 cm. (Alicella gigantca) Deep Sea

  22. Hydrothermal Vents • Animals are found concentrated around hot water geysers Deep Sea

  23. Chemosynthetic Bacteria • Using sulfides bacteria create organic compounds • Most animals have symbiotic relationships with the chemosynthetic bacteria Deep Sea

  24. These worms contain 10 billion grams of microbes per 1 gram of tissue! Vestimentiferan worm

More Related