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Explore the Italian Renaissance period from the rebirth of art and learning to the influence of merchants and the Medici family. Learn about the shift in focus from the Middle Ages to classical traditions and the emergence of humanism. Discover the revolutionary artists, writers, and thinkers of this transformative era.
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Italian Renaissance Day 26 Warm Up: Italian Renaissance Music Objective: Standard: Homework: 37-43
Italian Renaissance 1300-1500’s • Renaissance- rebirth of art and learning since the classical period • Other nations were at war, while Italy flourished
Urban Centers • Italy was made up of large city-states, urban areas that allowed for exchange of ideas • Because of the Plague, 60% of the population died, and opened opportunities (money, jobs and nobility) for those who survived.
Merchants and the Medici • Merchants gained power through wealth and believed that they deserved what they had • The Medici Family controlled Florence and became patrons of the art. • Focus shifted from Middle Ages back to traditions of Greece and Rome
Classical Heritage • Scholars studied manuscripts from the past. • Renaissance artist looked down at Middle Age values
Humanism • Humanism- focus on human potential and individual achievement. This included study of art, architecture,history, literature and philosophy • Middle Age focused on rough clothing and plain food. Then focus changed from religion centered philosophy to secular.
Renaissance Man • Celebrated the universal man • Not only great at painting, must focus on dance, song, sculpture, sport, architecture, medicine
Revolution in the Arts • New Techniques: included perspective, and realistic posture • Moved away from ornate Gothic Art of Middle Ages
The Artists • Donatello- Relaxed Realism. • Leonardo DaVinci dissected bodies to see how they worked. Also gathered any material • Michelangelo Buonarroti- painter, write, sculptor, poet • Raphael- Bright color, religious themes
Renaissance Humanist Writers • Most used vernacular instead of classical Latin • Francesco Petrarch- famous for writing sonnets 14 line poems. • Boccaci known for realistic off color stories • Cervantes- Made fun of Middle Ages and chivalry in Don Quixote
ITALIAN Voi ch'ascoltate in rime sparse il suonodi quei sospiri ond'io nudriva 'l corein sul mio primo giovenile errorequand'era in parte altr'uom da quel ch'i' sono,del vario stile in ch'io piango et ragionofra le vane speranze e 'l van dolore,ove sia chi per prova intenda amore,spero trovar pietà, nonché perdono.Ma ben veggio or sí come al popol tuttofavola fui gran tempo, onde soventedi me mesdesmo meco mi vergogno;et del mio vaneggiar vergogna è 'l frutto,e 'l pentersi, e 'l conoscer chiaramenteche quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno. English You who hear the sound, in scattered rhymes, of those sighs on which I fed my heart,in my first vagrant youthfulness,when I was partly other than I am,I hope to find pity, and forgiveness,for all the modes in which I talk and weep,between vain hope and vain sadness,in those who understand love through its trials. Yet I see clearly now I have becomean old tale amongst all these people, so thatit often makes me ashamed of myself;and shame is the fruit of my vanities,and remorse, and the clearest knowledgeof how the world's delight is a brief dream.
The Black PlagueNot such were they as in the East, where an issue of blood from the nose was a manifest sign of inevitable death; but in men and women alike it first betrayed itself by the emergence of certain tumours in the groin or the armpits, some of which grew as large as a common apple, others as an egg, some more, some less, which the common folk called gavoccioli. From the two said parts of the body this deadly gavocciolo soon began to propagate and spread itself in all directions indifferently; after which the form of the malady began to change, black spots or livid making their appearance in many cases on the arm or the thigh or elsewhere, now few and large, now minute and numerous. And as the gavocciolo had been and still was an infallible token of approaching death, such also were these spots on whomsoever they shewed themselves. Which maladies seemed to set entirely at naught both the art of the physician and the virtues of physic; indeed, whether it was that the disorder was of a nature to defy such treatment, or that the physicians were at fault--besides the qualified there was now a multitude both of men and of women who practised without having received the slightest tincture of medical science--and, being in ignorance of its source, failed to apply the proper remedies; in either case, not merely were those that recovered few, but almost all within three days from the appearance of the said symptoms, sooner or later, died, and in most cases without any fever or other attendant malady.
Niccolo Machieavelli • Machievelle wrote a political guide book The Prince. Based on the idea that a king should not do what was morally right but must maintain power by destroying his enemies. “It is much safer to be feared then to be loved”
Excerpts from MachiavelliThe Prince • A) "is necessary to take such measures that, when they believe no longer, it may be possible to make them believe by force. " • "For injuries ought to be done all at one time, so that, being tasted less, they offend less; benefits ought to be given little by little, so that the flavour of them may last longer." • "Therefore a wise prince ought to adopt such a course that his citizens will always in every sort and kind of circumstance have need of the state and of him, and then he will always find them faithful. " • "a man who wishes to act entirely up to his professions of virtue soon meets with what destroys him among so much that is evil. " • "Hence it is necessary for a prince wishing to hold his own to know how to do wrong, and to make use of it or not according to necessity. " • "because fortune is a woman, and if you wish to keep her under it is necessary to beat and ill-use her; and it is seen that she allows herself to be mastered by the adventurous rather than by those who go to work more coldly. She is, therefore, always, woman-like, a lover of young men, because they are less cautious, more violent, and with more audacity (bold, daring) command her. "
Renaissance Women • Society generally restricted women’s role however some did become famous painters (Anguissola, Gentileschi) and writers (Castigiolene)
Summary Questions 1) What did you need to become an important patron? 2) What is perspective artistically? 3) If you are speaking in the vernacular are you speaking a local or classical dialect? 4) The Renaissance is considered to be a rebirth of what period
