Engaging Focus: Federalist Era vs. Jacksonian Era

1. Engaging Focus: Federalist Era vs. JacksonianEra View the following slides and answer “Part 1: Engaging Focus” questions in your student handout.

2. Washington and his Cabinet

3. Political Discussion in the 1830s

4. Washington’s Inauguration

5. Outside the White House after Jackson’s Inauguration

6. The Age of Jackson

7. Issues that Challenged “Old Hickory”

8. The Election of 1824 The “Corrupt Bargain”

9. The Candidates • Andrew Jackson- West • John Quincy Adams- North • Henry Clay- West • William Crawford- South Jackson won the popular vote, but no candidate won the electoral vote.

10. The vote went to the House of Representatives who picked from the top two- Jackson and Adams. Clay used his position as Speaker of the House to persuade representatives to vote for Adams, in return Clay hoped to be named secretary of state. Adams was elected president. Who will you vote for? Adams!

11. Adams appointed Clay Secretary of State. Jackson called the election a “Corrupt Bargain.” Why did he feel this was a “Corrupt Bargain”? Secretary of State Henry Clay

12. John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson faced each other again in the 1828 election. Jackson won by a landslide. To the victor belongs the spoils!

13. The Growth Of Democracy Jackson’s landslide victory was due to the fact that voting rights for white males had changed. This allowed for the extension of democracy to more Americans. Now white males, 21, who did not own property, could vote.

14. Political Parties The Democrat Party as we know it today began with the election of Jackson. Two Party System 1790s-2000s Democratic Republicans – 1790s Federalist – 1790s-1815 Republican – 1820s National Republican (Whig) Jacksonian Democrat Democrat – 1830s Republican - 1854 today today

15. The Spoils System Spoils - benefits gained by the winner, or what the winner gets as a result of victory

16. After taking office, Jackson fires many Federalist and former Adam’s administration officials. OUT!!! He gave their jobs to his loyal supporters. The Spoils System is giving political jobs to loyal supporters.

17. What is a positive aspect of the spoils system? What is a negative aspect of the spoils system?

18. The Kitchen Cabinet

19. The Kitchen Cabinet was Jackson’s unofficial advisors consisting of the press, democratic leaders, loyal supporters and friends. They met informally in the White House kitchen to discuss politics and give Jackson advice.

20. They were known as a “rough” group.

21. What is a positive aspect of the Kitchen Cabinet? What is a negative aspect of the Kitchen Cabinet?

22. The Bank of the United States

23. The Bank of the U.S. was created by Federalist Alexander Hamilton. The Bank’s purpose was to regulate economic policies.

24. Jackson thought the Bank was too powerful. He thought Bank president Nicholas Biddle and Bank administrators used the Bank for their own profit.

25. The Bank cut back on loans which hurt farmers in the West. Jackson vowed, “I will kill it!” He vetoed the Bank when its charter was up for renewal.

26. The Nullification Crisis Tariff Bill of 1828

27. Congress passed the Tariff Bill of 1828 which was the highest import tax ever. This was a “protective tariff” because it was designed to protect U.S. industry by increasing tariffs on goods from Europe.

28. This tax hurt Southern planters because they depended on trade with Europe. The high tariff meant Southerners still sold their cotton to Europe, but paid more for European imports.

29. They called it the “Tariff of Abominations”. An abomination is something hated. Vice President John C. Calhoun was from South Carolina and, like most Southerners, believed in the idea of “states’ rights”.

30. States’ rights is the right of states to limit the power of the federal government. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act and declared the tariff illegal. Nullify means Did South Carolina have the right to declare federal laws illegal? cancel.

31. South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariff was not lifted. Secede means withdraw. What are Jackson’s options? If you were Jackson, what would you do?

32. Henry Clay designed a compromise that lowered the tariff but gave the president more power to use force if a state threatened to secede.

33. The Trail of Tears

34. One Way In a desire to attract more white settlers, Georgia began moving Native Americans west. Jackson believed he did not have the power as president to interfere with Georgia’s rights and stop the removal.

35. Jackson pushed the “Indian Removal Act” through Congress which gave the president power to move Native Americans west of the Mississippi.

36. But the Cherokee nation refused to move and took their case to the Supreme Court. In Worcester v. Georgia, the Court ruled in favor of the Cherokees. However, President Jackson refused to enforce the Court’s ruling.

37. Many Native Americans, mostly Cherokee, were forced to move. Besides losing their homeland, many Native Americans died along the way.

38. This forced removal and journey west became know as the “Trail of Tears”. Some groups, such as the Seminoles of Florida, resisted.

39. Led by Chief Osceola, The Seminole Indians of Florida resisted removal by fighting the U.S. government in what became known as the Seminole Wars. However, the Seminoles were eventually removed.

40. How do you think Andrew Jackson handled the issues of his presidency? What do you think of this common man raised in a log cabin in Tennessee?

41. Creating Political Cartoons Your assignment is to a political cartoon on an issue in Andrew Jackson’s presidency. A political cartoon makes a point or conveys the cartoonist’s opinion.

42. Political cartoons use symbols and words to convey their message. Political cartoons may be entertaining, but their main purpose is to challenge the reader to think. Analyze the following political cartoons:

43. He is standing on the Constitution and Bank charter. The cartoonist thinks Jackson rules like a ____. What words and symbols are used to convey the cartoonist’s point of view? What is on the paper he is holding? What is the cartoonist trying to point out with this symbol? The cartoonist has a positive view of Jackson. True or false?

44. This cartoon is about Jackson’s use of the spoils system. What clues might tell us this?

45. What Jackson issue is described in this cartoon? “Despotism”- a despot is someone who rules with complete and total power. According to the cartoonist, what events might occur if Jackson continues leading the nation?

46. Read the information in Part 3 of the student handout for instructions on creating a political cartoon.