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Unlocking Science: From Curiosity to Discovery

Explore the world of science, from the roots of curiosity to the thrill of discovery. Understand the scientific method, measurement techniques, and the presentation of data through tables and graphs. Discover the significance of scientific laws, models, and theories, and delve into the fundamentals of physical science.

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Unlocking Science: From Curiosity to Discovery

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 Science Skills Page 2

  2. What is science? (3:54) 1.1 Science From Curiosity • Science - system of knowledge & methods used to find it • Begins w/ curiosity…ends w/ discovery • Curiosity provides ?’s • Observing/measuring…means to find answers

  3. Science and Technology Science and Technology (1:39) • Science / technology interdependent • Advances in 1 leads to advances in the other

  4. Branches of Science

  5. Big Ideas of Physical Science • Space and Time • universe age • size • Matter and Change • Small amt for universe • Volume/mass • Atoms • Protons, neutrons, electrons • Forces and Motion • Push/pull causes change • Laws will explain • Energy • Many forms • Drives motion • Transferred/never destroyed

  6. Sec 1.2 Using a Scientific Approachp. 7 • Scientific Method - organized plan for gathering, organizing, & communicating info • Goal….to solve problem or better understand observed event

  7. Copy flow chart into your notes

  8. A Scientific Method • Making Observations • Observation – info that you obtain through your senses • Inference – conclusions drawn based on observations • Develop ? / problem • Form Hypothesis • proposed answer to ? • testable

  9. Testing a hypothesis • Manipulated (independent) variable – changed by you to test hyp. • Responding (dependent) variable – changes in response to man. var. • Controlled variable – factors kept constant to test hyp. • Control Group –setup run w/o man.var.

  10. Draw Conclusions – does data support hyp? • Develop Theory • Scientific Theory – well-tested explanation for observations or experimental results • Tells “why” • Theories are never “proved” • Theories may be revised or replaced Scientific Method Rap

  11. Scientific Laws • Scientific law – statement summarizing pattern found in nature • explains “what” • DOES NOT attempt to explain observed pattern in nature

  12. Scientific Models • Scientific Models - makes easier to understand things too hard to observe directly • Ex. Atomic models, models of the solar system, cell models, etc. The Scientific Method (12:07)

  13. Sec 1.3 Measurementp. 14 • Scientific Notation – makes very large / very small #’s easer to work w/ • expressing value as # from 1-10 x power of 10 • Ex. 300,000,000,000 = 3x1011 • .00000006 = 6x10-8

  14. SI Units of Measurement (Metric) • Length – straight line dist. btwn 2 pts. • meters (m) • Mass – amt. of matter in object • grams (g) • Volume – amt. of space occupied by object • liters (L)

  15. Measuring Temperature • 3 temp scales: • Fahrenheit • H2O freezes @ 32°F • boils @ 212°F • Celsius • H2O freezes @ 0°C • Boils @ 100°C • Kelvin (SI base unit for temp) • 0 K – lowest possible temp (= -273.15°C) • K = °C + 273

  16. Significant Figures • Sig Figs are digits in a # that contribute to its precision. • A calculation can only be as precise as it’s LEAST precise measurement.

  17. Sig Fig Rules • ALL non-zero #’s are always significant. • Any zero btwn two sig figs is significant. • Trailing zeros are only significant in the decimal portion. • 13.450 (this zero is a sig fig) • 1400 (these zeros are NOT sig figs)

  18. How many sig figs? • 50.5 • 26.25 • 10,100 • 500 • 650 • .050 • 1.0250

  19. Limits of Measurement • Precision – gauge of how exact a measurement is • Accuracy – closeness of a measurement to the actual value

  20. 1.4 Presenting Scientific Data p. 22 • Scientists organize data using data tables and graphs.

  21. Data Tables • Relate the manipulated and responding variables

  22. Line Graphs • Show changes in related variables • Manipulated (Independent) variable is plotted on the x-axis. • Responding (Dependent) variable is plotted on the y-axis.

  23. Bar Graphs • Often used to compare a set of measurements, amounts, or changes.

  24. Circle Graphs • Show how part relates to the whole • Entire circle represents 100%, and slices represent percentages that make up the 100%

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