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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry focuses on carbon, which can form countless compounds primarily with hydrogen. Carbon's ability to form four covalent bonds results in unique geometries, particularly tetrahedral structures when bonded to four atoms. Key gases used in daily life, such as methane in Bunsen burners, propane in grills, and butane in lighters, illustrate carbon's versatility. Organic molecules can exhibit low melting points and slow reactivity due to their covalent bonds. This overview covers significant aspects of organic compounds, their properties, and structural representations.

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Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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  1. Introduction to Organic Chemistry

  2. Carbon forms hundreds of thousands of compounds with Hydrogen. Carbon forms millions of other compounds. • The chemistry of Carbon is called organic chemistry. • An organic compound is one that has carbon as the principal element.

  3. Carbon is unique: It has 6 electrons = 1s22s22p2 It has room for 4 bonds to 4 other atoms. Organic compounds have specific geometry around the carbon to carbon bond. If there are four atoms or groups around a carbon atom, it has a tetrahedral geometry.

  4. What gas is used in: • Bunsen burner and a gas stove in your house? Methane • Barbecue Grill? Propane • Lighter? Butane

  5. Properties: • Carbon has: • 4 valence electrons • Carbon forms covalent bonds with weak intermolecular attractions • Low melting and boiling points • Not very soluble in water

  6. Weak pull • Methane (CH4) 1 C = 6p+ 6e- • Propane (C3H8) 3 C = 18p+ 18e- • Butane (C4H10) 4 C = 24p+ 24e- Mild pull Stronger pull Boiling Pt.

  7. Chemical Properties: • Molecular compounds (covalent bonds) react more slowly than ionic. • Organic molecules undergo combustion CH4 + 02 CO2 + H2O

  8. Structural Formulas: • Represent a 3D molecule in 2 dimensions Structural Formula Tetrahedron

  9. Condensed Structural Formulas: CH3(CH2)3CH3 CH3CH2OH CH3CHO

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