1 / 26

Deep-sea neutrino telescopes

Deep-sea neutrino telescopes. Prof. dr. Maarten de Jong Nikhef / Leiden University. contents. Neutrino astronomy Antares prototype KM3NeT next generation neutrino telescope issues, ideas. Neutrino astronomy. p. n. g. neutrinos. Why neutrinos? no absorption no bending.

acton-pruitt
Télécharger la présentation

Deep-sea neutrino telescopes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Deep-sea neutrino telescopes Prof. dr. Maarten de Jong Nikhef / Leiden University

  2. contents • Neutrino astronomy • Antares • prototype • KM3NeT • next generation neutrino telescope • issues, ideas

  3. Neutrino astronomy p n g neutrinos • Why neutrinos? • no absorption • no bending • Scientific motivation: • origin cosmic rays • creation& composition relativistic jets • mechanism cosmic particle acceleration • composition dark matter neutrino telescope

  4. 1960 Markov’s idea: Use sea water as target/detector • range of muon • detect Cherenkov light • transparency of water

  5. How? wavefront neutrino muon 1 2 3 4 5 ~100 m interaction ~few km muon travels with speed of light (300,000 km/s) →ns(10 cm) @ km

  6. General layout light detection real-time event distribution 3-5 km 800 m 1-2 km >1000 km 50-100 km shore station transmission of (all) data data filter

  7. Antares prototype neutrino telescope ‒ 100 persons ‒ 25 M€ • 1997‒2005 • R&D • site explorations • measurements of water properties • 2005‒2008 • construction-operation • 2008‒2017 • operation

  8. Antares 12 lines ~2.5 km 500 m 250 Atm. ~200x200 m2 25 storeys / line

  9. Detection unit Optical beacon timing calibration 10” PMT photon detection Electronics readout titanium frame mechanical support Hydrophone acoustic positioning ~1 m

  10. Dutch industry Gb/s transceiver passive cooling DC–DC converter

  11. deep-sea network connector (3) penetrator (2) container CPU FPGA e/o PMT 100 Mb/s optical fiber (21) 5x15 m penetrator (3) container Ethernet switch 1 Gb/s e/o e/o 5‒25x15 m junction box container DWDM filter optical fiber (4) (40) 1 km 40 km wet-matable connector (2)

  12. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  13. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  14. data flow CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU CPU time off-shore on shore Ethernet switch data filter data filter data filter

  15. Antares • deep-sea infrastructure • 1 km3 • 900 PMTs, hydrophones, ADCP, seismometers, etc. • 10 kW, 1 GB/s • one main electro-optical cable • 50 km, AC, 1 cupper conductor + sea return • network • active multiplexing locally (Ethernet standard) • passive multiplexing based on DWDM technology • low number of channels for reliability of offshore transceiver (l stability) • operation • 10 years (some maintenance’ • data transmission signal recovery by amplification

  16. KM3NeT • 2005‒2008 • design study • 2008‒2012 • preparatory phase • 2013‒2017 • construction definitive neutrino telescope ‒ 300 persons ‒ 200 M€

  17. Optical module (camera) 31 x 3” PMT Electronics inside

  18. deep-sea network optical modulator lj+1 • integrate timing system (GHz = ns) • minimise offshore electronics penetrator (1) receiver lj receiver laser wet-matable connector (1) DWDM laser shore station DWDM

  19. Storey Frame Mechanical cable storage Data cable storage Mechanical cable connection 6 m Optical module Mechanical holder 1 Digital Optical Module = Dom 2 Dom’s on 1 bar = Dom-bar 20 Dom-bar’s on 1 tower = Dom tower Needs new deployment technique

  20. Earth & Sea sciences short lived (rare) events dominate deep-sea life permanent observatory France Temperature Bioluminescence sudden Eddie currents food supply time profile observatory

  21. KM3NeT • deep-sea infrastructure • 10 km3 • >100,000 PMTs, hydrophones, ACDP, seismometers, etc. • <100 kW, 100 GB/s • two main electro-optical cables • 100 km, DC, 1 cupper conductor + sea return • network • PON, point-to-point + amplification • new Ethernet standard • Precision-Time-Protocol (”White Rabbit”) • operation • 10 years without maintenance

  22. Issues, ideas, etc.

  23. Deep-sea infrastructure • materials • containers (glass, Ti, Al) • mechanics • drag, deployment, etc. • cables • dry versus oil-filled • little experience with vertical orientation • wet-matable connectors • expensive (combined fiber and cupper wires) • bulky (problems with handling) • penetrators • source of single-point-failures (error propagation)

  24. data taking & processing • network • high-bandwidth & long haul • integration of data transmission & timing (PTP) • (real-time) data distribution • monitoring • archival • offline analysis (astronomy, etc.) • external triggers • satellites, other infrastructures • computing • (real-time) data processing • algorithms (reduction of complexity & parallelization of problem) • implementation (state-of-the-art OO-programming) • hardware (multi-core, GPUs)

  25. Fiber technology • data transmission • laser/[A]PD • flexible (2 x transceiver = point-to-point link) • active feedback loop (intrinsically instable power, l) • non-negligible electrical power consumption • modulators • wavelength, phase, intensity, polarization • very low power • reliable • amplification • long-haul communication • Energy transmission • ? • sensor • e.g. Bragg reflectrometer as deep-sea hydrophones • sensitivity • low weight…

More Related