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Rapid and uncontrollable development and production of cells.

This text provides an overview of cancer, including its causes, risk factors, and prevention strategies. It covers topics such as genetic factors, environmental carcinogens, lifestyle choices, and the development and progression of cancer. The text also explores specific types of cancer, such as lung cancer and skin cancer, and discusses available treatments and prevention methods.

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Rapid and uncontrollable development and production of cells.

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  1. Cancer Rapid and uncontrollable development and production of cells.

  2. Cell Cycle

  3. Proto-oncogene • Regulates normal cell growth/division

  4. Tumour suppressor gene • These genes normally function to PREVENT cell growth/division

  5. Oncogene • Cells divide uncontrollably

  6. Development of Cancer Cells • Inheritance may increase risk • Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes mutate or become damaged by carcinogens • Known carcinogens: • Viruses and bacteria • Environmental chemicals • Tobacco • Radiation • Dietary factors

  7. Genetic Risk

  8. BRCA gene test

  9. Chemical • Alcohol • Asbestos • Wood dust • Rubber, plastics, dyes • Tar / bitumen • Aflatoxin • Alkylating agents • Tobacco

  10. Single biggest cause of cancer 25-40% smokers die in middle age 9 in 10 lung cancers Known to cause cancer in 1950 Smoking

  11. Smoking and alcohol

  12. Industrial pollution

  13. Physical causes • Ultraviolet radiation • Sunlight • Certain industrial sources • Radiation • Radon • Cancer treatment

  14. Obesity Lifestyle: - Highly caloric diet, rich in fat, refined carbohydrates and animal protein - Low physical activity Consequences: - Cancer - Diabetes - Cardiovascular disease - Hypertension

  15. Age Occupation Ethnicity Deprivation Lifestyle

  16. Conversion • Conversion begins with a mutation (a change in DNA) by: • Chemical • Physical • Biological Conversion

  17. Production of Cancer Cells Development and Progression

  18. Development & Progression of Cancer • Begins when a chemical substance stimulates growth of a mutated cell • Those chemical substances influence a 2nd stage of carcinogens called promoters. • Promoters stimulate cell to divide uncontrollably • Metastasis- cancer traveling to other sites; like a forest fire

  19. Development of a Benign Tumor

  20. Development of a Malignant Tumor

  21. Overview of Cancer Development

  22. Ultraviolet Radiation & Skin Cancer Ozone layer

  23. Ozone • Screens out 99% of harmful UV light • Ozone produced by lightening • 1% in ozone will result in a 2% in skin cancer • Holes in ozone: • Dupont- CFCs: hairspray, refrigerators, air conditioning • Which country has the highest rate of skin cancer?

  24. CFC’s and Ozone Depletion

  25. Ozone Hole http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/

  26. Both UVA and UVB are responsible for photoaging and sunburn. Tanning beds produce both UVA and UVB rays

  27. Strong melanoma candidate

  28. Melanoma facts From 1996 to 2000, the national average rate for melanoma was 17.5 for every 100,000 people, while the state of Hawaii average was 15.1 cases per 100,000.

  29. Factors that may also influence the chance of getting melanoma include • Fair skin or freckles. • Being male. • Family or personal history of melanoma. • Chronic UV light exposure. • Severe sunburns. • Unusual moles or a large number of moles. • Weak immune system.

  30. Skin Cancer ABCDE’s of Skin Cancer

  31. Testing • Genetic testing • Biopsy • Blood test • X-rays, PET, MRI • Visual & tactile observation

  32. Treatments • Surgery • Radiation • Chemotherapy • Homeopathy

  33. Prevention • Know family history • Get regular medical screenings • Learn self-exam techniques • Avoid direct sunlight • Watch your diet and weight • Don’t smoke • Drink alcohol in moderation (alcohol decrease heart disease, but increases risk of certain cancers) • Become educated

  34. Lung Cancer

  35. Cervical Cancer • Chromosomes: 82 • four copies of chromosome 12 • three copies of chromosomes 6, 8, and 17 • Cells provided: • Polio vaccine • research into cancer • AIDS • effects of radiation • Effects of toxic substances • gene mapping http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597182/lacks-family-nih-reach-agreement-on-hela-cell-genome-data/

  36. Human Papilloma Virus

  37. Human Papilloma Virus Cervical epithelium

  38. Cervical Cancer Vaccine Controversy Michelle Bachmann Bashes HPV vaccine Gardasil Vaccine http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2011/09/13/140445104/pediatricians-fact-check-bachmanns-bashing-of-hpv-vaccine Claimed the vaccine caused mental retardation

  39. INQUIRY • What do CFC’s do? • What is a proto-oncogene? • Name 3 carcinogens. • What are the ABCD’s of skin cancer? • What is the function of ozone? • Who is Henrietta Lacks?

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