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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. Skin and its Derivatives. TYPES OF MEMBRANES. Epithelial + Connective Tissue Serous Cutaneous Mucous Connective Tissue Synovial. Serous Membranes. Line body cavities that have no openings to outside. Secrete watery fluid. Simple squamous epith + loose CT.

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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

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  1. THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Skin and its Derivatives

  2. TYPES OF MEMBRANES Epithelial + Connective Tissue • Serous • Cutaneous • Mucous Connective Tissue • Synovial

  3. Serous Membranes Line body cavities that have no openings to outside. Secrete watery fluid. Simple squamous epith + loose CT

  4. Mucous Membranes • Line cavities that lead to outside. • Secrete mucus for protection. • Epithelium + Loose CT

  5. Serous, Mucous Membranes

  6. Synovial Membrane Lines joint cavities at articulations. Loose CT + elastic fibers + adipose tissue

  7. Cutaneous Membrane Stratified squamous epithelium + CT + muscle + nervous tissue

  8. Functions of Skin • Protects from injuries • Acts as barrier and regulates what enters/leaves body. • Regulates body temperature. • Synthesizes, stores vitamins. • Sensory functions

  9. EPIDERMIS Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum** Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale (germinativum) **Thick skin only

  10. Stratum Basale • Lowest epidermal layer, near dermis • Good nutrient supply • Reproduces by mitosis • Cuboidal, columnar in shape • Moves to upper epidermis in 27 days.

  11. Stratum Basale

  12. Stratum Spinosum • Living cells • Dividing • 8-10 cells thick • Polygonal in appearance

  13. Stratum Spinosum

  14. Poor nutrient supply. Flatten layer of cells. 3-5 cells thick. No cell division. Keratin accumulates. Found only in very thick skin. Translucent. Highly keratinized. Dead cells Stratus Granulosum, Lucidum

  15. Stratum Corneum • 25-30 cells thick. • Cells are filled with keratin and hardened. • Sloughed off. • Outer most layer of epidermis. • Keratinocytes

  16. Anatomy A215: EPIDERMIS LAYERS Memory Matrix Layer Superficial or Deep Layer? Characteristics Are cells keratinized in this layer? Seen in THIN skin too? Stratum Basale Stratum Spinosum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Lucidum Stratum Corneum

  17. DERMIS Irregular Dense Connective Tissue Collagenous fibers

  18. Dermis Sweat gland Sebaceous gland Arrector pili muscle Blood vessels

  19. Hair Follicle

  20. Sebaceous Gland

  21. Hair Follicles

  22. Sweat Gland

  23. Types of Sweat Glands(Sudoriferous Glands) • Merocrine glands: release fluid by exocytosis • Eccrine • Most common • Secretion is mostly water with solutes • Cools body down • Apocrine • Develops scent as bacteria metabolize secretion • Stimulated when frightened, during pain, during emotional upset

  24. Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 2. Neck, Shoulders, Upper Arm, and Upper Thorax (Lungs) Key Figure 4a Ronald A. Bergman, Ph.D., Adel K. Afifi, M.D., Jean J. Jew, M.D., and Paul C. Reimann, B.S.Peer Review Status: Externally Peer Reviewed Hypodermis (Subcutaneous) Recognized by adipose tissue.

  25. Sensory Structures of Dermis • Deep touch/pressure: Pacinian corpuscles • Light touch/pressure: Meisner’s corpuscles • Warm temperature: Free nerve endings • Cold temperature: Free nerve endings • Pain: Free nerve endings

  26. Melanocyte

  27. Melanocyte • Produces melanin for protection from UV radiation. • Responsible for skin color. • Melanoma.

  28. Melanoma

  29. Basal Cell Carcinoma

  30. Untreated…..

  31. Actinic Keratosis Caused by sun damage. Can lead to squamous cell carcinoma.

  32. PSORIASIS

  33. MAP SHOWING SKIN COLOR DISTRIBUTION

  34. EVOLUTION OF SKIN COLOR • Balance between • Need for protection against UV radiation which Causes skin cancer Destroys folate (vitamin B) • Need for UV to produce vitamin D for calcium absorption

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