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FCAT Review

FCAT Review. Life Science. What does “Being Alive” mean?. Made of cells Respond to stimuli Respire (use energy) Adapt Reproduce Excrete wastes Secrete Have a life span. Life Needs:. Energy (solar or chemical) Water Tolerable Temperatures Light Agreeable Atmosphere.

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FCAT Review

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  1. FCAT Review Life Science

  2. What does “Being Alive” mean? • Made of cells • Respond to stimuli • Respire (use energy) • Adapt • Reproduce • Excrete wastes • Secrete • Have a life span

  3. Life Needs: • Energy (solar or chemical) • Water • Tolerable Temperatures • Light • Agreeable Atmosphere

  4. Structure of the Cell

  5. Single Cell vs. Multicellular

  6. Cell Organization • Atom • Molecule • Organelle • Cell • Tissue • Organ • System • Organism

  7. Major Systems Excretory Respiratory Digestive Male Reproductive Female

  8. Major Systems Nervous Skeletal Circulatory Muscular

  9. Chemistry of the Cell • Cells are made of atoms and molecules • Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Iron, Sodium, Potassium, etc.

  10. Organic Inorganic • Organic compounds contain carbon • Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, nucleic acids, etc. • Inorganic compounds are also necessary for life • Water, salt, vitamins, etc.

  11. Cell Transport…note error on class notes Passive Transport Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis

  12. Cellular Respiration organisms use oxygen to break down glucose and release water and carbon dioxide as waste C6H12O6 + 6O2 Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O

  13. Photosynthesis plants use solar energy to make glucose from water and carbon dioxide and release oxygen as waste Energy + 6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  14. Mitosis • Cell division for body cells - diploid

  15. Meiosis • Cell division to produce sex cells - haploid

  16. DNA Nitrogen bases • Adenine • Thymine • Guanine • Cytosine

  17. Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

  18. Heredity – passing of traits from parents of offspring Alleles – different forms a gene has for a trait • A – dominant allele for a trait (upper case) • a – recessive allele for a trait (lower case) • Heterozygous – different alleles • Homozygous – identical alleles

  19. Punnett Squares • Tools for predicting genetic crosses • Genotype – genetic makeup • What alleles are present • Phenotype – physical makeup • What is shown

  20. Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

  21. Fill in the Punnett Square T – tall plants t – short plants How many offspring plants will be tall? How many offspring plants will be short? What percentage of offspring will be tall plants?

  22. Evolution – changes in kinds of animals and plants over time • Evidence • Fossil record • Continental drift • Why do kangaroos live in Australia?

  23. From Eohippus to Equus

  24. Survival of the Fittest • Ability to reproduce successfully Charles Darwin The fittest?

  25. Ecology • Biotic Factors • Living things • Abiotic Factors • Non-living things

  26. Food Chain vs. Food Web

  27. Energy Pyramid

  28. Adaptation for Survival • Changes in • structure • behavior

  29. Cycles of Nature Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Water

  30. Environmental Issues • Decrease in resources leads to decrease in natural populations • Human activities • Pollution • Global warming • Destruction of habitat

  31. Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources • Renewable • Wind • Solar • Water • Trees • Biomass • Non-renewable • Coal • Oil • Gas

  32. Scientific Classification

  33. Scientific Classification

  34. Dichotomous Key

  35. Plant Kindom

  36. Plant ReproductionSpores vs. Seeds Fern Gymnosperm Angiosperm

  37. Virus • Viruses are not alive until they invade a cell

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