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Immediate care of Injuries/Illnesses

Immediate care of Injuries/Illnesses Sabino Sports Medicine Connie Rauser Injuries and illnesses Traumatic injuries Shock Heart attack/cardiac arrest Stroke Heat illness Diabetic emergency Asthma attack Allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock) When the injury happens Determine severity

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Immediate care of Injuries/Illnesses

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  1. Immediate care of Injuries/Illnesses Sabino Sports Medicine Connie Rauser

  2. Injuries and illnesses • Traumatic injuries • Shock • Heart attack/cardiac arrest • Stroke • Heat illness • Diabetic emergency • Asthma attack • Allergic reaction (anaphylactic shock)

  3. When the injury happens • Determine severity • Life threatening • Unconscious • No signs of life • No breathing • No pulse • Severe bleeding • Non life threatening • Injury • illness

  4. What to do next? • If unconscious • Begin life saving procedures • Check ABCB’s • CPR • AED • If conscious • Get consent to help • Ask questions about what happened • Determine what needs to be done

  5. History • What happened? • Where does it hurt? • Any medical conditions/illnesses • Any allergies • Any medications

  6. Observation • Perform a bilateral comparison • Signs of trauma • Deformities • How body part is held

  7. Palpation • Where are the areas of point tenderness • Soft tissue • Bony tissue

  8. Special tests • Used to determine • Ligament stability • Possible fractures • Muscle tightness • Body alignment

  9. What to do next? • Call 911 • Provide care • Take vitals • LOC • Blood pressure • Pulse • Respirations • Temperature • Skin color • Weakness of movement

  10. LOC (level of consciousness) • Fully alert • Responding to verbal stimulus • Decreased LOC • Lethargic • Groggy • Dazed • Unconscious • Responding to painful stimulus

  11. Taking blood pressure • Stethoscope • Blood pressure cuff • (sphygmomanometer or sphygmometer) • Place cuff at upper arm w/ hoses anterior • Put on stethoscope (be very quiet) • Place stethoscope on anterior elbow • Pump up pressure to 180 • Slowly release air—listening for a “dub-dub” and then no more sounds • Note on meter when you hear 1st sound and last sound

  12. Blood pressure • Systolic rate-upper number • Pressure when the heart beats • Diastolic rate—lower number • Pressure when the heart is at rest • Normal rate--- 120/80 • High BP • systolic over 140 • diastolic over 90

  13. Taking pulse rate (HR) • Use your index and middle finger • Find radial pulse • Count pulse for one minute • Normal 60-80 BPM

  14. Respiration rate • Have victim lie down • Watch and count rise and fall of chest for one minute • Normal 12-20 Respirations/minute

  15. Skin temperature/color • Normal 98.6 • Low temp • Hypothermia • High temp • Heat stroke • fever

  16. Skin color • Red skin (rubor) • Heat stroke, HBP • Blue (cyanosis) • Airway obstruction, respiratory emergency • Will see bluish tint around lips and nail beds • Pale (ashen) • Insufficient circulation, shock, fright, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion, insulin shock

  17. Skin color • Yellow skin (jaundice) • Liver problems • Mottled--blotchy red and white

  18. Weakness of movement • Bilateral comparison • Grip your fingers—equal strength in hands • Push foot against your hand—equal strength of both legs

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