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Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). Jack Edelbrock Alexandera Kolberg Timothy Lam Ross Nanopoulos Stacy Yeh. Key Points . History Applications Chemistry Properties of PEM. PEM Materials Problems Future Goals.

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Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)

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  1. Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) Jack Edelbrock Alexandera Kolberg Timothy Lam Ross Nanopoulos Stacy Yeh

  2. Key Points History Applications Chemistry Properties of PEM PEM Materials Problems Future Goals

  3. INTRODUCTION • What is a fuel cell? • Converts chemical energy into DC electricity • Why the interest? • Clean • Alternative to oil • Efficient http://www.thehydrogencompany.com/Hydrogen-Fuel-Cells/20W---1kW-Systems/21/H-200-PEM-FC-System-(200W).htm

  4. B. Smitha, S. Sridhar, A.A. Khan. Solid polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications – a review. J. Membrane Sci. 259 (2005) 10-26.

  5. Applications Automobiles Homes/Businesses Small Electronics The Space Program

  6. HISTORY • First developed in 1960 • Oil crisis in late 1960s • The Gemini Space Program • Development of Nafion by DuPont in 1970 • Ballard's use of stacked fuel cells in 1990 Viswanathan, B. (2007). Fuel cells: Principles and applications. (pp. 272-275). Taylor and Francis.

  7. Fuel Cell Mechanisms PEMFC: F. Barbir. PEM Fuel Cells. Elsevier. (2005) 28

  8. Purpose of PEM • Electrolyte • Must conduct protons • Must block electrons • Barrier • Impermeable to gas • Separates reduction and oxidation reactions Fuel Cell Membrane from Mirko Antloga, Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University Photo taken by: Alexandera Kolberg

  9. Material Selection Criteria Material Properties • High proton conductivity • Mechanical strength and stability • Chemical and electrochemical stability • Thermal stability • Low oxygen and hydrogen gas permeability Other Factors to Consider: • Hydration • Thickness

  10. Polymer Membrane Materials Hickner, M. (2004). Alternative polymer systems for proton exchange membranes (pems). Chemical Review, 104, 4587-4612. • Perfluorinated polymers • Nafion • Sulfonated hydrocarbons • SPEEK Mikhailenko, S. (2004). Proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (speek). Journal of Membrane Science,233, 93-99.

  11. Nafion Kreuer, K. D. (2001). On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science,185, 29-39. Xiao-Zi, Y. (2012). Degradation of a PEM fuel cell stack with nafion membranes of different thicknesses. Part II: Exsitu diagnosis. (205 ed., pp. 324-334). Journal of Power Sources.

  12. SPEEK Kreuer, K. D. (2001). On the development of proton conducting polymer membranes for hydrogen and methanol fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science,185, 29-39. Mikhailenko, S. (2004). Proton conducting membranes based on cross-linked sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (speek). Journal of Membrane Science,233, 93-99.

  13. Water Management • Key in performance • In low temperatures, high humidity needed • Increased proton conductivity with higher water uptake1 • Excess leads to membrane swelling • Effects on water level • Contamination by foreign ions • Membrane thickness • Temperature 1. Bose, S., Kuila, T., Nguyen, T. X. H., Kim, N. H., Lau, K. T., & Lee, J. H. (2011). Polymer membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Recent advances and challenges. Progress in Polymer Science, 36(6), 813-843. 2. Okada, T. (1999). Theory for water management in membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 465(1), 18-29.

  14. Contamination by Impurities (CO) • Fuel in PEMFC’s must be quite pure • Contamination causes performance loss • Competition in reactions • Blocking active ion exchange site Baschuk, J. J., & Li, X. (2001). Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research, 25(8), 695-713.

  15. Voltage in Relation to CO Baschuk, J. J., & Li, X. (2001). Carbon monoxide poisoning of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research, 25(8), 695-713.

  16. Future • Water Management Solutions • Ionic content1 • Thickness • SiO2, TiO21 • Humidification • Silicon oxide2 1. Gubler, L. (2010). Trends for fuel cell membrane development. Desalination, 250, 1034-1037. 2. Zaidi, S. M. J. (2009). Research trends in polymer electrolyte membranes for pemfc. Springer.

  17. Future • Cost • Processing • SPEEK1 • Hyflon2 • High Temperature • H3PO4 doped PBI2 1. Zaidi, S. M. J. (2009). Research trends in polymer electrolyte membranes for pemfc. Springer. 2. Wang, Y., Chen, K. S., & Mishler, J. (2011). A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research. Applied Energy, 88, 981-1007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PolybenzimidPhOester.png

  18. Goals (2015) • Obstacles

  19. QUESTIONS

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