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Fuel Cells

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This presentation by Taylor Morton and Chris Irvine delves into the fundamentals of fuel cells, specifically focusing on Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) and microbial fuel cells. Fuel cells harness chemical reactions to produce electricity, with PEM offering a high efficiency of 75% and minimal pollutants. The mechanisms of electron transfer and reactant utilization are explained, alongside sustainable energy generation methods utilizing microorganisms. This engaging overview highlights the diverse applications of fuel cells in waste management and power generation.

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Fuel Cells

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  1. Fuel Cells Presented By: -Taylor Morton -Chris Irvine

  2. Overview • Not self contained • Reactants enter cell • Products leave cell • Use combustion to produce electricity • E- transferred through external circuit Source: http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/propulsion/jet/combustion.gif

  3. PEM(Proton Exchange Membrane) • A.K.A. Hydrogen Fuel Cell • Operating temp. = 80ºC • Requires electrocatalyst • Electrodes • Platinum based • Graphite • Sulfonated perfluroethylene

  4. PEM continued • Anode: 2H2(g) ---> 4H+(aq) + 4e- • Cathode: O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e- ----> 2H2O(g) • Overall: 2H2(g) + O2(g) ----> 2H2O(g) • Process • 2 H2 absorbed • 2 e- from each H2 travel externally • 2H+ hydrate and migrate • O2 absorbs e- • O2- receives H+ • H20 formed Source: http://physics.nist.gov/MajResFac/NIF/Images/FuelCellBasic.gif

  5. Efficiency • No Pollutants • Other environmental impact • How is H2 obtained? • Viability • PEM = 75% • Coal-fired = 40% • Petroleum in ICE = 25%

  6. Microbial Fuel Cells Using microorganisms to generate energy

  7. What it is! • Converts chemical energy to electrical energy by the catalytic reaction of microorganisms • Exact same principle as a voltaic cell, only using the respiration of bacteria to generate electricity

  8. Mediated • Methylene Blue, thionine, or humic acid • Mediator acts as electrolyte • Facilitates e- transfer from microbial cells to the electrode • Mediator is necessary because most microbes are electrochemically inactive

  9. It’s just science • mediator crosses the outer membrane • Accepts e- that would normally be taken up by O2 • e- laden mediator exits cell and transports e- to anode • after e- deposition, mediator returns to original oxidized state

  10. Mediator-less: S. putrefaciens • Electrochemically active bacteria usually have cytochromes (or other redox enzyme) in their outer membranes that can transfer e- • e- are carried directly to the anode

  11. C12H22O11 + 13H2O ---> 12CO2 + 48H+ + 48e- • The biofilm is attached to the anode • Anaerobic conditions force bacteria to respire anaerobically (duh)

  12. Now what? • Waste Water Plants • Power stations based on plants/algae

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