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Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation. The Human Body – An Orientation. Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function. Anatomy – Levels of Study. Gross Anatomy Large structures Easily observable

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Chapter 1 The Human Body: An Orientation

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  1. Chapter 1The Human Body:An Orientation

  2. The Human Body – An Orientation • Anatomy – study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts • Physiology – study of how the body and its parts work or function

  3. Anatomy – Levels of Study • Gross Anatomy • Large structures • Easily observable • Microscopic Anatomy • Very small structures

  4. Levels of Structural Organization

  5. Organ System Overview • Integumentary • Forms the external body covering • Protects deeper tissue from injury

  6. Skeletal • Protects and supports body organs • Provides muscle attachment for movement

  7. Muscular • Allows locomotion • Maintains posture • Produces heat

  8. Nervous • Fast-acting control system • Responds to internal and external change

  9. Endocrine • Secretes regulatory hormones • Growth • Reproduction • Metabolism

  10. Cardiovascular • Made of blood vessels and the heart. • Transports gasses, nutrients, waste products, hormones, etc through the body.

  11. Lymphatic • Returns fluids to blood vessels • Disposes of debris • Involved in immunity

  12. Respiratory • Keeps blood supplied with oxygen • Removes carbon dioxide

  13. Digestive • Breaks down food • Allows for nutrient absorption into blood • Eliminates indigestible material

  14. Urinary • Eliminates nitrogenous wastes • Maintains acid – base balance • Regulation of materials • Water /Electrolytes

  15. Reproductive • Production of offspring

  16. Movement Maintain Boundaries Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth Necessary Life Functions

  17. Survival Needs • Nutrients • Oxygen • Water • Stable body temperature • Atmospheric pressure must be appropriate

  18. Maintaining Homeostasis • The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems • Receptor • Responds to changes in the environment (stimuli) • Sends information to control center

  19. Control center • Determines set point • Analyzes information • Determines appropriate response

  20. Effector • Provides a means for response to the stimulus

  21. Negative feedback • Includes most homeostatic control mechanisms • Shuts off the original stimulus, or reduces its intensity • Works like a household thermostat

  22. Positive feedback • Increases the original stimulus to push the variable farther • In the body this only occurs in blood clotting and birth of a baby

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