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Nationalism

Nationalism. Breakdown of the Concert of Europe 1848 Revolutions. New Forces in Europe. Liberalism – political philosophy – Enlightenment – people should be as free from gov’t restraint as possible

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Nationalism

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  1. Nationalism Breakdown of the Concert of Europe 1848 Revolutions

  2. New Forces in Europe • Liberalism – political philosophy – Enlightenment – people should be as free from gov’t restraint as possible • Nationalism – people with common traditions, culture, language began to associate themselves as part of a nation – loyalty to nation, not just to monarch • Some Nationalist revolts do not recognize the rights of other “nations” of people

  3. 1830 - FRANCE • Upper middle-class liberals overthrew Charles X because he ignored laws • Created a constitutional monarchy • Belgium revolted against Dutch rule – created independent nation

  4. 1848 Revolutions • More liberal, nationalist revolts against the conservative status quo in Europe • France – more economic problems – middle class and workers overthrew constitutional monarch • Second Republic - single legislature, president who served 4 year terms • Universal male suffrage – all adult men could vote • 1st President – Louis Napoleon – Napoleon’s nephew

  5. Prussia - German states • 38 German states – German Confederation – Otto Van Bismarck • Austria & Prussia – most powerful • German people wanted constitution, free press, jury trials • Frankfurt Assembly – constitution for unified German nation • Deputies elected by universal male suffrage • Drafted constitution but German rulers failed to accept it & Assembly had no power to enforce it

  6. German Confederation

  7. Central Europe • Austrian Empire • Numerous nationalities – Germans, Poles, Serbians, Czechs • Metternich dismissed because of protests – March 1848 • Revolutionaries took control of Vienna & demanded a liberal constitution • Hungarian revolutionaries receive independent legislature • Russian Army enters Hungary to end revolt • Austrian Empire regains control

  8. Italian States • Part of Austrian Empire • 1848 revolts • Middle-class liberals and radical democratic revolutions joined forces and succeeded in forming constitutional gov’ts • Competing goals divided liberals and radicals • Conservative forces re-captured power • Austrian Empire crushed revolts by 1849

  9. Legacy of 1848 Revolutions • France – successful - establishes constitutional gov’t • Belgium – successful - national independence • German unification fails • Italian independence fails • Central European peoples fail to win independence from Austrian Empire • Southern European peoples fail to win independence from Ottoman Empire

  10. Ottoman Empire

  11. Crimean War • Russia vs. Ottoman Empire • Russia wanted sea port in Balkans • Austria did not support Russia in war – they were allies under Concert of Europe • Russia failed to win Crimean War and withdrew from European affairs

  12. 1st Photographed War

  13. Group Poster ProjectNationalism • Create a poster about nationalistic revolutions in the country or place your group is assigned. • Information required: • Map with color • Names of revolutionary leaders • Causes of revolts; slogans • How was NATIONALISM defined or used in revolt? • Outcome of rebellion • Countries • Mexico • South America (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina) • Greece • France • Russia • Italy • Germany • Haiti • Brazil

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