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Nationalism. Cultural Nationalism. A well-defined American literature Washington Irving James Fenimore Cooper. The Sketch Book , 1819-20 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”. Wyeth painting of The Last Of the Mohicans. Cultural Nationalism. Education à The “Virtuous Citizen”
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Cultural Nationalism • A well-defined American literature • Washington Irving • James Fenimore Cooper The Sketch Book, 1819-20“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” Wyeth painting of The Last Of the Mohicans
Cultural Nationalism • Education à The “Virtuous Citizen” • An American form of English • Noah Webster
Charles G. Finney The ranges of tents, the fires, reflecting light…; the candles and lamps illuminating the encampment; hundreds moving to and fro…;the preaching, praying, singing, and shouting,… like the sound of many waters, was enough to swallow up all the powers of contemplation. “soul-shaking” conversion
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791 Actually invented by a slave!
The Tariff of 1816 • After Treaty of Ghent 1814 British dump cheap goods on • American markets • Baby American industries want protection • Nationalist Congress takes strongest stance ever with The • Tariff of 1816 • protection not revenue • 20%- 25% • strongly protective trend which Americans like
The American System By Henry Clay • Nationalistic trend to developing profitable home market • Strong banking system • Protective tariffs • Network of roads, canals - esp through Ohio Valley Knit country together - especially road poor west James Madison refuses to let Congress use tariff money to pay for roads; thinks it is unconstitutional. It falls to the states to pay Jeffersonian Republicans didn’t like loose constructionism on direct federal support of intrastate infrastructure; that would just drain people away to other states making home states weaker
First TurnpikeLancaster, PA(1790) By 1832, nearly 2400 mi. of road connected most major cities.
Westward ho! • Through the Cumberland Gap – a narrow passage through the Appalachians near where KY, TN, and VA meet • “The Wilderness Road” becomes a major route for migration • Daniel Boone led the clearing of a road from VA to KY • Population of Ohio: 1800: 45,000 1810: 231,000
Conestoga Covered Wagons Conestoga Trail, 1820s
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat The Clermont
The American System • WEST got roads, canals, and federal aide. • EAST got the backing of protective tariffs from the West. • SOUTH ??
Presidency 1816 - won by another Virginian James Monroe - vanquished Federalists - merges Founding Fathers and new nationalism - sober administration - Era of Good Feelings - even southerner in New England Troubles loom1. tariff2. Bank3. Internal improvements4. Sale of public lands5. Sectionalism over slavery ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS
The Panic of 1819 CAUSES???
Panic of 1819 - paralyzing economic panic - debtors prisons - nat’l financial crisis - overspeculation on Western lands - Bank of U.S. forced speculative “wildcat” western banks to foreclose on farms - western debtor saw the Bank of U.S. as “evil” - furor in social world as poor become visibly poorer http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/a/a1/300px-Panic_of_1873_bank_run.jpg
Foreign Policy Under James Monroe Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams Treaty of 1818 - permitted Americans to share Newfoundland fisheries w/ Canada fixed vague northern La. Limits at 49th parallel fix 10 yr joint occupation of Oregon
Foreign Policy Under James Monroe Secretary of State: John Quincy Adams Florida Purchase Treaty - Adams-Onis Treaty - Andrew Jackson took time to subdue those rebelling, threatening Seminole Indians in Spanish Florida. - Spain busy elsewhere - Spain ceded Florida, claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas
US Population Density 1810 1820
All slaves born in Missouri after the territory became a state would be freed at the age of 25. • Passed by the House, not in the Senate. • The North controlled the House, and the South had enough power to block it in the Senate. The Tallmadge Amendment
The Missouri Compromise Brokered by Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser) Missouri admitted as slave state Maine admitted as free state Rest of Louisiana territory north of latitude 36 30, slavery was prohibited
Election of 1820 With the Panic of 1819 and the Tallmadge Amendment and the Missouri Compromise it seems the Era of Good Feelings has gone flat…. But smooth-spoken James Monroe is elected again
The Monroe Doctrine, 1823 • Referred to as America’s Self-Defense Doctrine. What warning is given to the European countries? What foreign policy principles are established? Monroe Doctrine What would the US do if the warning was not headed?
Monroe Doctrine - Restoration of European monarchies after Napoleon’s fall worried American in Western hemisphere Russia’s presence in Alaska worries British and Americans - should they work together? Secretary of State John Adams brilliantly engineers Monroe Doctrine President James Monroe delivers the Monroe Doctrine - the ultimate nationalistic command - “STAY OUT OF OUR BACKYARD”
Fletcher v. Peck 1810 - In a case involving land fraud in Ga., Marshall concluded that a state could not pass legislation invalidating a contract. This is the first the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional and invalid. (Remember in Marbury v Madison it was a federal law that had been ruled unconstitutional.Martin v. Hunter’s Lease 1816 - SC est. the principle that it had jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rightsDartmouth College v. Woodward 1819 - This case involved a law of New Hampshire that changed Dartmouth College from a privately chartered college into a public institution. The Marshall Court struck down the state law as unconstitutional, arguing that a contract for a private corporation could no be altered by the same.McCulloch v Maryland 1819 - Did Congress have the power to create a bank even if no clause in the Constitution mentioned a bank? Could a state place a tax on a federally owned bank? Md. Tried to collect from the 2nd Bank of the US. Marshall ruled that the federal gov’t had the implied power to create the bank. Furthermore, a state could not tax a federal institution because, “the power to tax is the power to destroy” and that federal laws are supreme over state lawsCohens v Virginia1821 - In Va, the Cohens were convicted of selling Washington DC lottery tickets authorized by Congress. Marshall and the Court upheld the conviction. More important, this case established the principle that the Supreme Court could review a state court’s decision involving any of the powers of the federal gov’tGibbons v Ogden 1821 - Could the state of NY grant a monopoly to a steamboat company if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress? In ruling that the NY monopoly was unconstitutional, Marshall est. the federal gov’t’s broad control of interstate commerce.
