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Solar Spectra Demonstrations

Explore how we know the composition and motions of stars with the help of solar spectra. Learn about the structure of the hydrogen atom, the behavior of electrons, and how their energy transitions lead to the emission of light. Discover how spectroscopes analyze different types of spectra – continuous, emission, and absorption. Understand how we classify stars using surface temperature and the HR Diagram, and how shifts in spectral lines indicate stellar motion. Dive into simulations to grasp these complex concepts visually.

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Solar Spectra Demonstrations

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  1. Solar Spectra Demonstrations How do we know about the composition and motions of stars?

  2. The Hydrogen Atom • What are atoms made of? • Nucleus & Electrons • Where are the electrons located? • In orbits around the nucleus • What are the electrons doing? • Zooming around the nucleus • What ELSE are the electrons doing? • See this simulation

  3. Conclusions • When electrons are excited (having extra energy), they ‘jump’ to a higher energy level • When electrons lose energy, they ‘fall’ to a lower energy level by emitting a photon (light energy) • We see the photons as “spectral lines (lines of light)

  4. Light is Energy! • Visible light is only a small part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum • Stars (and other bodies in space) emit all kinds of electromagnetic energy, most are not visible • The Electromagnetic Spectrum includes waves like: Radio, Microwaves, Ultraviolet, X-rays

  5. Spectroscopes • Helps us see the spectral lines of a sample • There are 3 types: Continuous, Emission, and Absorption Spectrums seen here • Each element has its own distinct spectrum pattern seen here • We can match the spectral lines from the stars to known elements on Earth to find the composition of the stars (See Gizmo)

  6. Classifying Stars • Along with what the stars are made of, we look at the star’s surface temperature to help us classify them • OBAFGKM are the different classes we use to classify the stars according to their colour and temperature • When we plot these together, we get the HR DIAGRAM (See Gizmo)

  7. Motion of Stars • How would you tell if there’s a bee around someone far away? • How can you tell from a star’s spectral lines that it’s moving? • When the spectral lines are shifting • The motion of a star tells us what’s around it, see simulation here • The Hammer Throw Comparison

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