The Cold War!

1. The Cold War! Social Studies 10 Ms. Rebecca

2. The End of WWII…… • How do you think people felt after WWII? • Which countries were on the losing side of WWII? How do you think you would feel if you were from one of those countries after WWII?

3. Reading Reflection Answer the following questions as a group and be prepared to share. • Last time you read an article about a former Japanese soldier who was in charge of torturing prisoners. • How were his feelings different DURING the war and AFTER the war? • How are soldiers’ thoughts different from “regular” people or civilians?

4. Guiding Questions • 1. How many people died during WWII and how might people who weren’t soldiers have died during the war? • 2. What mistakes after WWI might the Allies want to avoid after WWII?

5. Last Unit • We learned about WWII. • Who was on the winning side?

6. The Allies! • Great Britian • U.S.A. • China • The Soviet Union • France

7. The Axis lost • Germany • Japan • Italy

8. The losers • Lost land and power so the winning countries had to decided what should be done with the new land.

9. Damage of WWII • Open your textbooks to page 461! • More people died in World War II than any other war before! (these are my own words) • “In World War I, a total of 8.5 million soldiers died. That number doubled to about 17 million in World War II”(Steck-Vaugn, 461).

10. What do you notice about the previous slide? • I summarized in my own words and THEN I used a direct quote from the book to support my own words! • Now you need to try to do the same thing with your group! • Each group will get assigned one section of Chapter 31: “After World War II” and you will need to summarize each paragraph in one sentence in your own words! • THEN you will find one direct quote to support your summary

11. Reading Sections • Group 1: Civilians Dead section (page 462) • Group 2: The United Nations section (page 463) • Group 3: Many Changes (page 464) • Group 4: Your job is a little different. You will define all of the “New Words” in your own words! Make sure that they are easy to understand.

12. When you have a summary.. • EACH GROUP MEMBER: • Should copy the summary AND QUOTES into their notebooks. • You will share these with your classmates!

13. Now each group will share their summaries with the rest of the class • Group 1 members find a partner from Group 2 and exchange information • Group 3 members find a partner from group 4 and exchange information. • Keep finding partners from different groups until you have summaries and quotes from all 4 sections AND vocabulary in your notes!

14. Let’s check and make sure you have the right info! • I’ll come and check that you have summaries for all of the sections AND vocabulary terms! • Each group share what you wrote and I’ll type it into a class word doc.

15. Write down the following question and answer them in your notebook as you read the following slide: • Who were the two “superpowers” after WWII? • Why would it be difficult for them to reach an agreement about what should happen in Europe AFTER WWII? • What areas did the U.S. and the Soviet Union fight over?

16. Introduction about the U.S. and the Soviet Union AFTER WWII: • The fact that the United States and the Soviet Union successfully cooperated in defeating the Axis Powers did not necessarily mean that the two countries would continue to get along in the postwar world. After all, the two were organized on radically different principles—democratic capitalism in the former, totalitarian socialism in the latter. By early 1945 it was clear that they would emerge as the world's two "superpowers," but it was also evident that they had conflicting visions for what that postwar world should look like. A number of issues divided U.S. and Soviet policy makers, but two loomed particularly large in 1945-46: the future of Germany and the future of Eastern Europe. As a result of these controversies the chances of continued cooperation between the superpowers seemed bleak. • http://edsitement.neh.gov/view_lesson_plan.asp?id=685

17. Today • You will work in groups to learn about some meetings that took place between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to try to reach an agreement about what to do with Germany and Eastern Europe after the war.

18. The following plans • Were meant to help rebuild European countries after WWII • AND • To help prevent the spread of communism to these countries.

19. The Marshall Plan • Plan made by the U.S. Secretary of state, George Marshall, where America gave food, and other products to help rebuild Europe after the destruction of WWII. • Why would the U.S. want to help Europe after WWII? If America helps European countries, how will those countries feel about the U.S.?

20. The Truman Doctrine • Was a promise made by President Truman to help provide military and economic (money) for countries that were threatened by communist takeover. • The Soviet Union tried to spread communism to Greece and Turkey and Truman send 100s of millions of dollars in aid to Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of communism.

21. Yalta Conference and Potsdam • Students will read excerpts from the agreements reached at Yalta and Potsdam, then, based on later documents, will study how these arrangements unraveled. Finally they will look at two opposing American views of the Soviet Union and of the strategy that the United States should use in dealing with it.

22. Guiding Question: • From the American perspective, why did wartime cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union collapse in 1945-46? • You should be able to answer this question by the end of the lesson!

23. Plans for postwar Europe • During conferences at Yalta (February 1945) and Potsdam (July-August 1945) the Allies concluded agreements for the postwar world; the most important concerned the fate of Germany and Eastern Europe.

24. Groups will read: • Groups 1 and 3: Yalta Conference Reading • Groups 3 and 4: Potsdam Reading

25. As you read: • Fill in the “Sources of Discord” worksheet that goes with the conference you are reading about

26. Share! • Now find someone from the other group and share information with each other! • You should have both sides of the worksheet finished after talking with someone from the other group.

27. Exit slip • Before you leave, you must show Ms. Rebecca the answer for the following questions: • 1. What do you notice about what the Soviet Union received as a result of the 2 conferences? How does it compare to how much the U.S. and the U.K. received? • 2. How do you think Americans felt about the reparations the Soviet Union received?

28. Do Now: • DO you think the agreements made between the Soviet Union, The U.S. and the U.K. were good ones? • Do you think everything was happy after the Yalta Conference and meeting at Potsdam?

29. What REALLY happened? • A Cold War • Read page 470 in your textbook together as a class. • Question to answer: Why was the “Cold War” known as “cold”? Who was involved in the Cold War?

30. From: Ramirez, Susan Elizabeth. “Beginnings of the Cold War”. World History: Human Legacy Modern Era. Holt Rinehart and Winston. New York. 2008. • “The Cold War Was more than a military rivalry. It was a struggle for power and control between two nations with very different forms of government, economic systems and ways of life. In short, the Cold War was a conflict between communism and capitalist democracy”(Ramirez, 481).

31. Work in your group to: • 1. Summarize the previous quote in YOUR OWN WORDS! • 2. How was the “Cold War” different from other wars? • 3. Which countries were involved? • 4. What is a communist country? What does that mean? • 5. What is a capitalist democracy country? What does that mean?

32. Guiding questions: • The U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII. So what led them to disagree after the war was over? • What are some of the main differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

33. Let’s read together • The following reading is from: • Goldberg, Steven. World History Human Legacy: Modern Era. Holt, Rineheart and Winston. New York. 2008.

34. Questions to answer while you read: Due by end of class! • 1. What did the Allies do with Germany? • 2. What did the Allies do with Berlin? • 3. What was the plan for the Nazi party? • 4. Who got the most reparations? Why? • 5. What did the Soviet Union want in Eastern Europe to “guard against another attack”? • 6. What did the American and British leaders think Joseph Stalin really wanted to do with Eastern Europe?

35. Guiding questions: • The U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies during WWII. So what led them to disagree after the war was over? • What are some of the main differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

36. The Soviet Union….. • Had different ideas than the U.S. did about what should happen to Germany and Eastern Europe. • Why do you think they felt so differently?

37. Why did the Soviet Union want land in Eastern Europe? • The Soviet Union was damaged a lot during WWII. • They wanted land in Eastern Europe so they would be protected from future invasion from Germany.

38. The U.S. DIDN’T want the Soviet Union to get this land because: • Then the land in Eastern Europe would be controlled under communist/socialist ideas. NOT FREE!

39. Iron Curtain • There was a great divide between the Soviet Union and the Western World. • British leader Winston Churchill called the division between the west and the Soviet Union an “iron curtain”. http://www.wlu.ca/viessmann/Images/Iron_Curtain.jpg

40. Side note: • One of the major differences between the Soviet Union and the U.S. was that the U.S. had a Democratic Government while the Soviet Union had a Communist Government • What are the differences between the 2?

41. Dif b/w communism and democracy • “Democracy means freedom of speech and expression while communism is a form of government where everybody is equal in terms of class and wealth which means there are no rich people and no poor; no servant and no master. Communism up to this day is still considered by some as utopia which means it is difficult or can never be achieved” (Riro, http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080429081633AA2k1zr).

42. Another way to look at differences • United States • Elected president leads gov’t • Many different political parties with different ideas about government • Economy based on capitalism: individual businesses are pretty free to make own decisions http://www.ideachampions.com/weblogs/american-flag-2a.jpg

43. Another way to look at differences • Soviet Union • Dictator rules (no vote) • ONE political party: Communist • Socialist economic system: The government makes all business decisions. NO individual freedom for businesses. Government OWNS all businesses. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923.svg/600px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_1923.svg.png

44. In your groups, make a Venn Diagram • In one circle fill in characteristics on the U.S. • In the other fill in characteristics of the Soviet Union • In the middle think of things that the two countries have in common. YOU MUST HAVE 3 THINGS IN EACH SECTION!

45. Why did communism start? • Industrial Revolution made it so there were a FEW very rich factory owners and MANY very poor workers in those factories. Bad for many workers. Low pay, bad conditions

46. Why should a few men be really rich while so many are so poor? • Solution? Workers should fight back! Take over the factories and share the money they earn equally. THEN the way the whole country is run should change so that everyone has the same amount of everything but NO ONE starves!

47. All property is owned by everyone • Farms • Factories • Businesses • Hospitals • Schools • Houses • Food • Etc.

48. Good things about Communism • Universal healthcare: EVERYONE gets it! Not like in the U.S. today….. • Everyone can go to school • Industry production gets faster because people HAVE to make as much as the government says

49. Problems with communism • EVERYONE had to be willing to cooperate or it won’t work. Who WOULDN’T want to cooperate with Communism?

50. People who used to be rich! http://community.freespeech.org/files/images/trump.jpg