Coping with change, 1920-1929

1. Coping with change, 1920-1929 AP US History East High School Mr. Peterson Spring 2011

2. Focus Questions • What economic innovations came in the 1920s, and what was their effect on different social groups? • What political and social ideas shaped the administrations of Presidents Harding and Coolidge? • What developments underlay 1920s’ mass culture, and how did they affect American life and leisure? • What social developments contributed to the cultural creativity and conflicts of the 1920s? • How did Herbert Hoover’s social and political thought differ from that of Harding and Coolidge?

3. A New Economic Order

4. Booming Business, Ailing Agriculture • After recovering from 1920 depression, economy booms • 3% unemployment • Tremendous growth in nonfarm economy • New consumer goods • Automobile • Ford Model A • Production facilities worldwide • High tariffs

5. Fig. 23-1, p. 698

6. Fig. 23-2, p. 699

7. p. 699

8. New Modes of Producing, Managing, and Selling • Assembly-line work • “Fordization” • Fordism worldwide • Business consolidation • Corporate giants dominate • Chain stores • Advertising and credit sales • Targeting female consumers

9. 23CO, p. 696

10. Struggling Labor Unions in a Business Age • Craft unions didn’t fit with mass-production • Anti-union violence • Strikes failed • Racial discrimination in unions

11. Stand pat Politics in a Decade of Change

12. The Evolving Presidency: Scandals and Public-Relations Manipulation • Warren G. Harding elected in 1920 • “normalcy” • Notable cabinet selections • Charles Evans Hughes (State), Andrew Mellon (Treasury), Herbert Hoover (Commerce) • Harding dies of heart attack in 1923 • Weak cabinet picks caught up in scandal • “Teapot Dome” and Sec. of Interior Albert Fall • Attorney General committed suicide

13. p. 703

15. Calvin Coolidge • “Silent Cal” • Radio addresses

16. Republican Policy Making in a Pro-business Era • Supreme Court under Taft • Overturned federal ban on child labor • Aid for flooding rejected • Farm supports rejected

17. p. 705

18. Independent Internationalism • Washington Naval Arms Conference • Significant arms reductions • Kellogg-Briand Pact • Renounced aggression and outlawed war

19. Progressive Stirrings, Democratic Party Divisions • Rural prenatal and baby-care centers passed • Federal Radio Commission established • Election of 1924 • Republicans nominate Coolidge • Progressive Party nominates Robert La Follette in 1924 • Democrats split and nominate John Davis • Coolidge wins in landslide

20. Women and Politics in the 1920s: Achievements and Setbacks • Women’s Joint Congressional Committee created • Call for constitutional amendment banning child labor rejected by states

21. Mass Society, Mass Culture

22. Cities, Cars, Consumer Goods • Urban majority in 1920 census • By 1930, 40% of blacks live in cities • Laborsaving devices ease housework • Store-bought clothes become the norm • Growth of automobiles provides freedom of movement

23. Fig. 23-3, p. 707

24. Fig. 23-4, p. 707

25. Mass-Produced Entertainment • Mass-circulation magazines • Saturday Evening Post and Reader’s Digest • Book-of-the-MonthClub • Radio • KDKA in Pittsburgh reports Harding election • NBC and CBS created • Amos ‘n Andy • Movies • The Ten Commandments by Cecil B. De Mille • The Jazz Singer introduces synchronized sound • Mickey Mouse

26. p. 710

27. p. 697

28. p. 711

29. Celebrity Culture • Miss America • Babe Ruth-“The Sultan of Swat” • Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney • Charles Lindbergh • The Spirit of St. Louis

31. p. 712

32. Cultural Ferment and Creativity

33. The Jazz Age and the Postwar Crisis • Media and literary creation • New types of behavior • Dancing, drinking, parties • Sigmund Freud and psychology • Changing “courtship” • “the flapper” • Shorter skirts, short hair, make-up, losing the petticoat

34. p. 717

35. p. 714

36. p. 715

37. Alienated Writers • “The lost generation” • Rejected old order • H.L. Mencken and American Mercury • Ernest Hemingway-A Farewell to Arms • Sinclair Lewis-Babbitt

38. p. 713

39. The Harlem Renaissance • Poet Langston Hughes-The Weary Blues • Composer William Grant-Afro American Symphony • Artists Aaron Douglas and Augusta Savage • Novelist Claude McKay-Home to Harlem • Harlem jazz clubs attracted blacks and whites • Jazz spreads throughout country and Europe

41. A Society in Conflict

42. Needed Workers/Unwelcome Aliens • Hispanic newcomers, immigration soars • Farm workers sustained California citrus industry • Labor needed

43. p. 719

44. p. 719

45. Nativism, Anti-radicalism, and the Sacco-Vanzetti Case • Anti-Semitic propaganda in Henry Ford’s Dearborn Independent • Immigrant radicals Sacco and Vanzetti convicted of murder and executed

47. Fundamentalism and the Scopes Trial • Tennessee outlawed teaching of evolution • ACLU recruits challenger of law • Substitute teacher John Scopes tried • Defense attorney Clarence Darrow • William Jennings Bryan assists prosecution and defends fundamentalist biblical account of creation

49. The Ku Klux Klan • Rise of new Klan in 1920s • “100 percent Americanism” • Anti-black, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, ant-immigrant • Derides lost purity of America • Spreads from South throughout country • Controls much of government in Oklahoma and Oregon • Collapses when Indiana Grand Dragon accused of raping his secretary and he commits suicide

50. p. 721