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Understanding Single Displacement Reactions and the Reactivity Series

This review covers single displacement reactions where a more reactive element displaces a less reactive one, represented by the equation A + BC → AC + B. The reactivity series, which ranks metals and halogens by reactivity, is key to predicting these reactions. Metals to the left are more reactive, while halogens higher up are also more reactive. Reactions between metals and acids or water produce hydrogen gas, with examples and practice exercises included to reinforce prediction and balancing skills.

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Understanding Single Displacement Reactions and the Reactivity Series

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Review: Single Displacement Rxns • A + BC  AC + B • A more reactive element will “kick out” a less reactive one. • Use the reactivity series to predict whether the rxn will occur.

  2. Reactivity Series • Metals – metals to the left are more reactive Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni SnPbH Cu Hg Ag Au • Halogens – halogens in the upper left are more reactive than those below F Cl Br I

  3. Rxn of Metals with Acid • Reactivity Series is used to predict reactions with weak acids • Metals to the left of H react to produce H2 gas Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au No Rxn React with acid

  4. Reaction with acid to produce H2 gas • Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)  ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g) • Practice: Predict the products and balance Solid magnesium + sulfuric acid (H2SO4) 

  5. Predicting Rxns of metals with H2O • The first 5 metals on the left of the reactivity series will react with water to form a base (metal+ OH-) Li K Ba Ca Na Mg Al Zn Fe Ni Sn Pb H Cu Hg Ag Au React w/ H2O

  6. Examples • 2K(s) + 2H2O(l) 2KOH(aq) + H2(g) • Predict the products and balance the equation: Calcium and water 

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