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Reproductive System. Overview. Body system responsible for gamete formation (eggs and sperm) When gametes combine, offspring will result Existence & continuation of a species relies on this system! Sets apart males and females. Male Reproductive System.
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Overview • Body system responsible for gamete formation (eggs and sperm) • When gametes combine, offspring will result • Existence & continuation of a species relies on this system! • Sets apart males and females
Male Reproductive System • Main function = produce & deliver sperm
Male Reproductive Organs • Scrotum- sac containing • Testicles • produce sperm • Epididymis- sperm mature here (store) • Vas deferens (sperm duct) - tube coming from epididymis and merging with the urethra • Preputial Gland • Produces seminal fluid • Seminal vesicles - fluids produced here travel through vas deferens to carry sperm out of the body • Seminal fluid (lubricant/food for sperm) + sperm = semen • Penis • Urethra- tube where semen exits the body
Sperm • Spermatogenesis- the production and development of new sperm • Ejaculation- release of sperm from the body • Between 50 and 130 MILLION sperm are present in 1 mL of semen
Female Reproductive System • Main function- produce ova & provide nutrition and protection for developing offspring
Female Reproductive Organs • Ovary • Stores ova (eggs) to be released during ovulation • Fallopian Tube • Ova travel from ovaries through this to the uterus • Uterus • Fertilized ova attach to the uterus • Embryo grows and develops into a baby • Cervix • Outer end of the uterus • Vagina • Canal leading from cervix to out of the body
Menstrual Cycle • 28 day cycle of developing and releasing an ovum (1 egg) from the ovary and preparing the uterus for pregnancy • If egg is unfertilized, it along with the lining of the uterus is expelled from the body • Consists of 4 phases • Follicular- first 10 days: lining of uterus thickens; egg further develops in ovary • Ovulation- days 11-14: egg is released from ovary into fallopian tube • Luteal- overlaps with ovulation and continues if egg is fertilized, or until menstruation • Menstruation- days 21-28: if fertilization does not occur, lining of the uterus, blood, and unfertilized egg are discharged through the vagina
Fertilization Early Development • Process of male and female gametes joining • Egg + Sperm = Zygote • n + n = 2n • Haploid + Haploid = Diploid • Sex cell + Sex cell = Somatic cell • Almost always occurs during ovulation phase of the menstrual cycle • Penis enters vagina, ejaculates sperm, sperm swim up through cervix, uterus, and into fallopian tube • Millions of sperm try to fertilize one egg, but only ONE sperm is successful
Early Development • After fertilization, zygote divides by mitosis until it forms a morula (solid ball of 64 cells) • Morula transforms into a blastocyst (hollow ball of cells) • Blastocyst implants itself on uterine wall where the baby can eventually form
Female Facts • Females are born with all of the eggs they will ever have, no new eggs are formed after birth • Eggs become permanently mutated from drugs, alcohol abuse, excessive tanning, and as you age • Females have 4 fluctuating reproductive hormones while males only have 1, so mood swings naturally occur more easily in females • Menstrual cycles are not always regular, so pregnancy can be possible at almost any time especially in teens • More STD’s show symptoms in females than males
Be Educated About STD’s! • Most STD’s are transmitted because people don’t know enough about them • Don’t be ignorant! • All STD’s are 100% preventable!
