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Defense University Research on Nanotechnology

Defense University Research on Nanotechnology. Dr. Clifford Lau Office of Basic Research, DUSD 703-696-0431 Clifford.lau@osd.mil or lauc@onr.navy.mil. Historical Perspective. DoD recognized the importance of nanotechnology in the early 1980s when research sponsored by DoD

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Defense University Research on Nanotechnology

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  1. Defense University Research on Nanotechnology Dr. Clifford Lau Office of Basic Research, DUSD 703-696-0431 Clifford.lau@osd.mil or lauc@onr.navy.mil

  2. Historical Perspective DoD recognized the importance of nanotechnology in the early 1980s when research sponsored by DoD began to approach nanometer scale, although we didn’t call it nanotechnology at the time. 1980 1990 2000 Microelectronics Physics Chemistry Materials Molecular biology Nanotechnology (NNI)

  3. DoD Focused Areas in NNI * NANOELECTRONICS/NANOPHOTONICS/NANOMAGNETICS Network Centric Warfare Information Dominance Uninhabited Combat Vehicles Automation/Robotics for Reduced Manning Effective training through virtual reality Digital signal processing and LPI communications * NANOMATERIALS “BY DESIGN” High Performance, Affordable Materials Multifunction, Adaptive (Smart) Materials Nanoengineered Functional Materials Reduced Maintenance costs * BIONANOTECHNOLOGY - WARFIGHTER PROTECTION Chemical/Biological Agent detection/destruction Human Performance/Health Monitor/Prophylaxis

  4. Enhanced warfighting capabilities * Chem-bio warfare defense Sensors with improved detection sensitivity and selectivity, decontamination * Protective armors for the warrior Strong, light-weight bullet-stopping armors * Reduction in weight of warfighting equipment Miniaturization of sensors, computers, comm devices, and power supplies * High performance platforms and weapons Greater stealth, higher strength light-weight materials and structures * High performance information technology Nanoelectronics for computers, memory, and information systems * Energy and energetic materials Energetic nano-particles for fast release explosives and slow release propellants * Uninhabited vehicles, miniature satellites Miniaturization to reduce payload, increased endurance and range

  5. DoD Investment on Nanotechnology FY2000FY2001FY2002FY2003 DoD $70M $123M $180M $201M OSD $ 28M DARPA $101M Army $ 23M Navy $ 31M Air Force $ 18M

  6. DoD Programs in Nanotechnology • OSD • Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI), DEPSCoR, NDSEG • DARPA • Bio-molecular microsystems, metamaterials, molecular electronics, spin electronics, quantum • information sciences, nanoscale mechanical arrays • Army • Nanostructured polymers, quantum dots for IR sensing, nanoengineered clusters, nano-composites, • Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology (ISN) • Navy • Nanoelectronics, nanowires and carbon nanotubes, nanostructured materials, ultrafine and thermal • barrier nanocoatings, nanobio-materials and processes, nanomagnetics and non-volatile memories, • IR transparent nanomaterials • Air Force • Nanostructure devices, nanomaterials by design, nano-bio interfaces, polymer nanocomposites, • hybrid inorganic/organic nanomaterials, nanosensors for aerospace applications, nano-energetic • particles for explosives and propulsion • SBIR • Nanotechnologies, quantum devices, bio-chem decontaminations

  7. DoD’s participation in the NNI • In FY2001, as a part of the NNI, DUSD supported • nanotechnology as follows • Graduate Fellowship under NDSEG ($5M) • 45 graduate students to major in nanotech • 3-years at average of $45K/year • All over the country,e.g. MIT, GIT, UCB, etc. • Equipment for nanotechnology ($7.25M) • One year only • DURINT research program ($8.75M) • $15M per year for 5 years

  8. FY01 DURINT Equipment Program

  9. FY01 DURINT Research Program

  10. Cd Zn Co Cd Zn Cd Co The New Stochastic (Digital) SensorNon-Ensemble-Averaged Information at the NanoscaleProf. Hagen Bayley, Texas A&M University The Nanomachine:-Hemolysin Channel The Principle:Single Channel Ion Conductance Genetically Engineered M++ site Analytes + ion flow Transiently bound analyte blocks ion flow Lipid bilayer Open site pA av av analyte-bound site msec Infinitely engineerable (e.g. M++ Site) Analyte Signature Analyte Concentration • Issues Under Investigation • Display options (supported bilayers, nanotubular membranes) • Interrogation (microwave, optical) • Multi-valent oligosaccharide receptors • Commercialization • Fluidics (M/NEMS) • Performance • digital, information-rich output • real chemical time, reagentless, • self-calibrating • large dynamic range, no signal loss • large analyte universe • M,++ organics, proteins, DNA, (viruses) Hagan Bayley (TAMU) Ternary M++ Mixture

  11. Cluster Engineered Materials Prof. G.C. Schatz, Northwestern University MURI, year started: 1997 Web URL: www.chem.nwu.edu/~muri Biological DNA A-A-C-T-T-G-C-G-C-T-A-A-T-G-G-C-G-A A-T-T-A-C-C-G-C-T -X X-T-T-G-A-A-C-G-C-G A-A-C-T-T-G-C-G-C-T-A-A-T-G-G-C-G-A X-T-T-G-A-A-C-G-C-G A-T-T-A-C-C-G-C-T -X Biological DNA • OBJECTIVES • • Develop new approaches for making nanoparticles • • Develop DoD applications for nanoclusters • RELEVANCE • DNA sensing • Protein detection • Infrared, visible and Raman spectroscopy • Optical materials, Eye/sensor detection Nanoparticle-based DNA Sensors Anthrax Detection • ACCOMPLISHMENTS • DNA/Protein detection • Detection of one femtomole of anthrax with single base mismatch selectivity. • Zeptomole/nanoparticle sensitivity to streptavidin using a sensor with <100 nm dimensions. • Technology transfer to industry and Army • Optical materials • Designer nanoparticles for infrared and visible detection, nanooptics, eye/sensor protection • Technology transfer to ARL and NRL Nanoparticle-based Protein Sensors • Ultrasensitive • Specific • Label-Free • General • Small • Fast • Low-Cost • Simple

  12. REACTIVE METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FOR SOLDIER PROTECTION Research Objective: Synthesis, characterization, and application of reactive metal oxide nanoparticles for protection against chemical and biological warfare agents and ballistic protection Transitions: ARO program supportsProfessor Ken Klabundeat Kansas State University collaborating with ECBC Next Generation Sorbent Decontamination Program(FY09), Domestic Preparedness Office at SBCCOM, Reactive Protective Skin Cream program at USAMRICD, PM for Nonstockpile Chemical Demilitarization, Ballistic protection programs at Natick Soldier Center. R&D Partners: ARL-ARO/ECBC/NSC/USAMRICD/Universities/Industry New Solutions for Decontamination and Protection of the Soldier in a Chemical and Biological Warfare Environment • Surface area MgO • Commercially Available 30m2 • Reactive Nanoparticles 500m2 • High Surface Area with increased • reactivity Payoff:Highly effective enhanced reactivity for the degradation of chemical and biological agents with reduced materiel burden. Enhanced Ballistic Protection for the soldier.

  13. Molecular Scale Control Supramolecular Self-Assembly Nano-Scale Devices Mesoscopic Integration Institute for Soldier NanotechnologiesProf. Edwin Thomas, MIT • University Affiliated Research Center • Investment in Soldier Protection • Industry partnership/participation • Accelerate transition of Research Products • Goals • Enhance Objective Force Warrior survivability • Leverage breakthroughs in nanoscience & nanomanufacturing • Investment Areas • Nanofibres for Lighter Materials • Active/reactive Ballistic Protection (solve energy dissipation problem) • Environmental Protection • Directed Energy Protection • Micro-Climate Conditioning • Signature Management • Chem/Bio Detection and Protection • Biomonitoring/Triage • Exoskeleton Components • Forward Counter Mine

  14. Melt Processed Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites for Biodegradable and Recyclable PackagingEnvironmental Quality (EQ)Program 6.1 Jo Ann Ratto – Project Officer U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center 508-233-5315 Fax 508-233-5363 Email joann.ratto@natick.army.mil

  15. Melt Processable Polymer Clay Nanocomposites (EQ Program) • Objective • Develop environmentally friendly • packaging from nanocomposites to • improve the military packaging and • reduce waste. • Justification • Reduce solid waste requirement • Accomplishments • Milestones and Funding • Produced nanocomposites with improved thermal properties with no loss in mechanical, biodegradable, and barrier properties. • Produced blown films of PCL/clay and EVOH/clay with improved properties. • Investigated screw configuration on the interaction of clay/polymer • Transition to SERDP • 3 publications – 11 invited talks

  16. OBJECTIVE • TECHNICAL APPROACH: Montmorillonite Clay • BENEFIT • Mica Type Silicate • 0.5-2 micron Long • 1 nanometer Thick • Swell Platelets • Intercalate Polymer • ACCOMPLISHMENTS Nanotechnology for Optimization of Barrier Properties U.S. Army – Combat Feeding Program 6.2 To develop a high barrier, non-foil material for incorporation into existing and future combat ration • packaging systems to enhance shelf life and survivability. • Material compounding will be conducted to determine feasibility of incorporating nano-sized fillers into commercially available materials. • Processing trials will be conducted to determine feasibility of utilizing existing processing methods. • Processing parameters will be optimized to enhance orientation of nanocomposite fillers such that gas diffusion will be minimized. • Films will be evaluated for physical and barrier properties. The novel material technology will: • Increase shelf life • Enhance package survivability • Ensure ration safety • Enhance producibility • Nano-clays successfully incorporated into polymers • Nanocomposite films successfully processed zz Nanoclay Composite Barrier Film

  17. REDUCTION OF SOLID WASTE ASSOCIATED WITH MILITARY RATIONS AND PACKAGINGPROJECT NUMBER PP-12706.2 Funded FYO2-04Dr. Jo Ann RattoU.S. Army Natick Soldier Center

  18. Technical Objective and Approach Objective: To produce/replace Army packaging items with nanocomposites. Incorporate clay nanoparticles into biodegradable and recyclable thermoplastic polymers to decrease solid waste and to improve heat deflection temperatures, mechanical and barrier properties. Approach: Melt process polymer/clay nanocomposites by incorporating small amounts of organically modified montmorillonite clay (1 – 5% by weight) with biodegradable/recyclable polymers and characterize the thermal, mechanical and barrier properties. 19

  19. OBJECTIVES Develop high barrier, non-foil material Eliminate pinholes, flex cracking problems Improve barrier properties Enhance package survivability Enhance shelf life Enhance producibility Nanocomposites

  20. Inner Layer Polyolefin Aluminum Foil Polyamide Polyester Outer Layer MRE Pouch Material

  21. MRE pouch is currently made from a multilayered film consisting of polyolefin (PP), foil, polyamide (PA), and polyester (PET) Oxygen Transmission Rate – 0.06 cc/m2/24 hrs Water Vapor Transmission Rate – 0.01 gr/m2/24 hrs With stand pouch abuse 32-160C Our Approach – Use 1-2 recyclable and/or biodegradable polymers with nanoclays to at least meet the specifications MRE Performance Requirements

  22. Nanocomposites Commodity Polymers + 2-8 wt.% of layered silicate reinforcements NANOCOMPOSITES • Enhanced Heat Distortion Temperature • Enhanced Barrier Properties • Enhanced Physical Properties • Low Processing Cost • Single-step Processing • Light-weight

  23. TECHNICAL APPROACH Develop Non-Retortable Mono-layer Packaging Structures for MRE Components Scale up from lab scale twin screw extruder to industrial scale equipment (co-extruder, twin screw extruder) Characterize the structures Down-select films Fabricate prototype structure Performance testing Transition technology

  24. Develop Non-Retortable Mono-layer Packaging Structures for MRE Components Twin screw extruder Nanocomposite Blown Film Blown film die

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