Diversity of Organisms

1. Diversity of Organisms • 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl

2. Organisms alive today descended from earlier species • Fossils • Remains of previous forms • Record of life’s history • Life on Earth • Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years • Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years

3. Evolution • Change is species over time • Organisms alive today descended from older organisms • Evidence is overwhelming

4. Organization of the Living World • System to deal with millions of species • An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi

5. Organization of the Living World • Species designated by a scientific name • Binomial nomenclature – two part name • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus • Example: Homo sapiens • Homo = genus name • sapiens = species name

6. Classification • System to organize life • Classification System • Genus = closely related species • Family = closely related genera

7. Classification System Largest Level • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Smallest Level

9. Methods of Classification • Common ancestry is basis for classification • Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms • Systematics • Study of diversity of organisms • Based on evolutionary relationships

10. Domains of Life • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukarya

11. Cell Types of Organisms • Prokaryote • No membrane bound organelles • Genetic material found in a nucleoid • Eukaryote • Membrane bound organelles • Genetic material in a nucleus

12. Archaea • Originally thought to be bacteria • Live in extreme habitats • Do not cause disease • Prokaryotic • Unicellular

13. Bacteria • Found nearly everywhere • Some cause disease • Prokaryotic • Unicellular

14. Eukarya • Unicellular or Multicellular • Eukaryotic cells • Divided into at least four kingdoms • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

15. Kingdom Protista • Mostly single cell organisms • May actually be up to 20 kingdoms • Gave rise to other eukaryotes

16. Kingdom Fungi • Most are multicellular • Absorptive heterotrophs • Most are saprophites

17. Diversity of Organisms • 5 to 30 million species estimated Axolotl

18. Organisms alive today descended from earlier species • Fossils • Remains of previous forms • Record of life’s history • Life on Earth • Single cell organisms for 3.5 billion years • Abundant multicellular life for 500 million years

19. Evolution • Change is species over time • Organisms alive today descended from older organisms • Evidence is overwhelming

20. Organization of the Living World • System to deal with millions of species • An organism belongs to a unique species Bird’s nest fungi

21. Organization of the Living World • Species designated by a scientific name • Binomial nomenclature – two part name • Developed by Carolus Linnaeus • Example: Homo sapiens • Homo = genus name • sapiens = species name

22. Classification • System to organize life • Classification System • Genus = closely related species • Family = closely related genera

23. Classification System Largest Level • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Smallest Level

25. Methods of Classification • Common ancestry is basis for classification • Taxonomy = science of classifying organisms • Systematics • Study of diversity of organisms • Based on evolutionary relationships

26. Domains of Life • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukarya

27. Cell Types of Organisms • Prokaryote • No membrane bound organelles • Genetic material found in a nucleoid • Eukaryote • Membrane bound organelles • Genetic material in a nucleus

28. Archaea • Originally thought to be bacteria • Live in extreme habitats • Do not cause disease • Prokaryotic • Unicellular

29. Bacteria • Found nearly everywhere • Some cause disease • Prokaryotic • Unicellular

30. Eukarya • Unicellular or Multicellular • Eukaryotic cells • Divided into at least four kingdoms • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

31. Kingdom Protista • Mostly single cell organisms • May actually be up to 20 kingdoms • Gave rise to other eukaryotes

32. Kingdom Fungi • Most are multicellular • Absorptive heterotrophs • Most are saprophites

33. Kingdom Plantae • Multicellular • Photosynthetic autotrophs

34. Kingdom Animalia • Multicellular • Heterotrophs