Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21 st Century

1. Information Technology Key Techno-Economic Driver of 21st Century Shri Rajeeva Ratna Shah Secretary Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion Ministry of Commerce & Industry Government of India

2. The Broadening Sphere of Information Technology Computation Communication Cognition DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

4. NETWORKS NEURONS Knowledge of the 21st Century STHULA-JAGAT SOOKSMA-JAGAT Macrocosm Microcosm NANOTECH ATOMS Building Blocks & Knowledge Tools of 21st Century BIOTECH COMPUTERS GENES BITS

5. INDIA – GIANT STRIDES IN IT SECTOR • Industry size US $ 14 billion: Export US $ 12 billion • 2008 target export: US $ 50 billion • CAGR (5 years):exceeding 50% • Job creation: a million direct jobs & indirectly 2-3 Million jobs • India is hosting 62 SEI/CMM – level 5 companies, which represents more than half of world total. • 250 Fortune 500 companies are sourcing software service from India • 250 Software companies in India have ISO – 9000 certification.

6. India as an International BPO Hub Remote Delivery of Services • Custom Software • Call Centers • Transcription Services • Transaction Services • Engineering Design • Product and Process Development An Emerging $ 100-150 billion Global Outsourcing: Access to Low Cost Talent

7. Country advantage (45-55% savings) Vendor advantage (30-40% savings) Does not Include gains from Over-delivery and continuous improvement 100 60-65 10-15 8-13 5-7 3-5 Consoli-ation, Standar- Dization & superior skills Task Reengi neering Econo- mies of scale Process Reengine -ering New cost base Original Cost base Factor Cost Savings Additional Telecom & manage- ment costs Off-shore Location cost Task migration Task level improvement COUNTRY ADVANTAGE LIKELY TO BE COMODITIZED 45-55 15 30-35 Task aggregation And process level improvement

8. INDIA AS AN EMERGING DESIGN SOURCE • Hardware/embedded Software design emanating from MNC’s in India • e.g.Philips DVD video codec; Apple iPod audio codec; TI OMAP; Microsoft J#; Adobe Reader for Palm & iPaq; Intel “start-up” utility; Cisco IOS core components; hp-ux, OpenView kernel; Oracle Pro c components • “Hi-tech” hardware/software product design by Indian IT companies • e.g.MBIL 3rd global optical disk manufacturer; VXL Instruments 3rd global terminal manufacturer; HiCal supplies magnetics for global No 1 mobile handset manufacturer; ImpulseSoft possibly the first global Bluetooth wireless earphone; Manmar imaging software for Ultrasound scanners; Purple Vision signal processor;

9. INDIA AS AN EMERGING R&D HUB • Microsoft, Intel, CISCO, DELL have major R&D centers in India – The biggest outside US • Monsato - R & D base in India - first outside USA • GE - T9he Jack Welch Research Center in Bangalore • HP Labs India has built a Prototype that Scan Handwritten Mail through a Small Handheld Device • The Daimler Chrysler Research Center in Bangalore engaged in Fundamental and Applied Research in Avionics, Simulation and Software Development • Whirlpool’s Pune Research Lab develops Refrigerators and Air Conditioners for Asia and Australia • GE Motors India Developed a Noiseless Motor for GE’s Most Sophisticated Washing Machine Lines in the USA

10. SUPERCOMPUTING Synonymous to Technologies which help in achieving high computational and storage capability for Mission Critical & Grand Challenge problems in Scientific & Engineering and now in Business computing domains. • Advanced Computing • High Performance Computing • Cluster Computing • Parallel Processing • Vector Processing

11. Key Technology for Self-reliance India Entered in Late 80s – Due to Export Control Strategic and Key Economic Sectoral Applications High Performance Computing (HPC) Significant Developments made since late 80’s

12. EVOLUTION OF PARAM SUPER COMPUTERS PARAM PADMA Performance 1000 GFLOPS 100 GFLOPS PARAM 10000 20 GFLOPS 10 GFLOPS PARAM Open Frame PARAM 9000 5 GFLOPS PARAM ANANT PARAM 8600 1 GFLOPS PARAM 8000 2000 2002 1999 Year 1991 1993 1995 1997

13. PARAM Padma

14. PARAM Padma (Param 20K) • One TF Peak Computing Power with several 100s GF Sustained Power on International Bench marks • 5 TB Primary storage & 10 TB Secondary storage • Interconnect @ 2.5 GBPS two way with very low latency • Flexible and Scalable Program development, System Engineering and System Management tools

15. Applications of Supercomputing • Bio technology & bio computation • Molecular Modeling • Genomic Sequencing • Nano technology & nano computation • Atmospherics & Oceanics • Weather Forcasting • Climate modeling • Computational Fluid dynamics for Space Science Applications • Seismic Data Processing • Structural Mechanics

16. Future Developments Computational Grids – Connecting Number of HPC Sites IGrid – A Project to Link 8 HPC Sites Providing 10 Teraflops of Computing Power and Petabytes of Storage

17. I Grid

18. Agricultural Biotech • New crop research- transgenic crops • Bio fertilizers • Bio – pest control • Bio – resource Development i.e. Bio-Diversity Parks • Animal Biotech • Vaccines for animals • Acqua – culture/marine biotech • Seri - biotech Applications of Biotechnology • Medical Biotech • New drug discovery- Pharmaceutical biotech • Diagnostics Applications • Therapeutic Applications • Prophylactic biotech

19. Bio-informatics as a gateway to New Drug Discovery Bio-informatics has been defined as the discipline that generates computational tools, databases, methods & procedures to support ‘genomic’ and ‘post genomic’ research. Bio-informatics has been also described as a graceful blending of computer science and bio-technology. Bio-technology per se is experimentation in-vivo (in real life) and in-vitro (in test tubes); bio-informatics carries the experimentation a step further and makes it in-silico (in silicon / micro chip).

20. Stupendous size of Genomic Data • Genome sequencing taken up for 100 organisms • Human Genome has 3.2 billion pairs of DNA sequences • Data exploding @ 5000 DNA sequences or 2 million nucleotides/day • Refinement, review, reclassification and annotation of the above data Information explosion a challenge to Knowledge Management

21. Super computational support is required for numerous functions involved in post genomic R&D • in-silico-computation and in-silico simulation • In silico - drug target identification • In silico - drug design(pharmaco – genomics) • In silico - toxicity testing • In silico modelling

22. The experimental (left) and computational (right) hierarchies will increasingly become codependent as the research community models greater biological complexity

23. Current and Expected Sustained Capability Requirements for Major Community

24. EMERGING NODEs OF DRUG DISCOVERY RELATED BIOTECH R&D

25. India’s Inherent Strengths • High international profile of Software industry • Vibrant pharmaceutical industry and rapidly emerging bio-tech industry • World class network of educational and research institutions • Rich Biodiversity • Large population having reservoirs of valuable diagnostic and clinical data • Known strengths in mathematics, logic and computational skills

26. Nano World Nanotechnology is concerned with the design and manufacture of molecular scale devices by manipulation and placement of individual atoms and molecules with precision on the atomic scale as opposed to the “top down” fabrication techniques employed in today’s microelectronics technology.

27. Dimensions in Scale 100 nanometers 1 nanometer (nm) 1 cm 10 mm 10-2 m Head of a pin 1-2 mm 0.1 cm 1 mm 10-3 m 0.1 mm 100 μm 10-4 m Human hair ~ 60-100 m 0.01 mm 10 μm 10-5 m Red blood cells with white cell ~2-5 m 1 μm 1000 nm 10-6 m Visible spectrum 0.1 μm 100 nm 10-7 m The Nanoworld 0.01 mm 10 nm 10-8 m DNA ~2.5 nm width 10-9 m 1 nm Atoms of silicon spacing ~tenths of nm 10-10 m 0.1 nm

28. Nano Scene Nano materials Nano actuators Nano sensors • Artificial muscle • Nano robot components Nano electronics • • Carbon nanotubes • Dielectric and ferroelectric Materials • • Multifunctional polymers • • Bio compatible materials Scalpel, tweezers & Nano tools • Nano - and Micro - pumps • Nano - and Micro - motors • • • • Nano systems - Resonant Tunneling Devices - Single Electron Transistors - Quantum well structures - Memories - Logic circuits - IR Detectors - Sensors • • • • NEMS (Nano Electro Mechanical Systems) • Nano-machines and robots • Tele-surgery • Drug delivery • Reconfigurable Systems • • • • •

29. The Importance of Large Domestic Markets:With a Billion PeopleIndia is a Latent World Scale Market.

30. The Emerging Market:Focus of Large Firms, NGOs and Government 5-10 million, Rich Large Firms PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m NGOs, Government PPP $2-3,000, 150 m PPP , $ 2000, 500 m

31. The Emerging Market: IndiaTraditional and Emerging Focus Traditional MNC Business Model 5-10 million, Rich Some MNCs? PPP> $10,000, 50-60 m Local Firms PPP $ 3-10,000, 150m Future Opportunity? PPP $2-3,000, 150 m PPP > $ 2000, 500 m

32. The Poor Have Purchasing Power What Durables Do they Own ?

33. DIGITAL DIVIDE RESEARCH THEMES World Computer An information technology device that can be used by anyone, irrespective of wealth, education or infrastructure availability • Low cost • Minimal infrastructure operations • Usable by illiterates • Focus on technologies that are: • Relevant • High impact • Pervasive • Cutting edge • Cost-effective • Replicable • Scalable Digital Village • Integration of the research • Allow villagers to express themselves • Manage costs and finances Bits for All Link organic, affordable information devices (and therefore people) in a cost-effective manner Tomorrow’s Tools Devices to connect the digital to the real world

34. PROJECTS UNDERWAY World Computer Rural OS Speech Interfaces Visual Language Interfaces for All Interlingua Web Literacy Learning thru Pictures Low cost computing New Projects Underway Ca:sh Rural Hisaab Mapping for the Masses SARI Digital Village Tomorrow’s Tools Digital Craft Revival Digital Music Infosculpture Suchik Polysensors Complex RF Imp Analysers UV-VIS Spectrometer PowersensorsThinkCycle BRICS Semantic Legacy document Resistive interfaces Voice biometrics Bits for All Rural WiFi DakNet Digital Gangetic Plain Off-line Internet Access Rural VOIP Ad hoc networks Efficient networks SACs Community Connection Grassroots ICT Digital Mandi Infothela

35. DIGITAL DIVIDE PROJECTSCONTINUED Digital Village Applications & Services Communications & Content Economic Development Health & Agriculture eGovernance & Education Baatchit SARI ca:sh Census Interlingua Web Digital Mandi Rural VOIP& VMOIP UV-VIS Spectrometer Suchik Rural Fab Lab PolySensors Infothela Interfaces, Sensors, & Tools Tomorrow’s Tools Power Sensors Gram Chitra Numeric Interfaces World Computer OS, Languages & Access Devices Rural OS 1.0 Multi-Literate Interfaces iPAQ Simputer Bits For All Communications Infrastructure Rural p2p Meshes DakNet 802.rural

36. BITS FOR ALL: 802.RURAL (AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATIONS) • Ubiquitous broadband coverage • Innovative routing algorithms enable mesh peer-to-peer networking • ML Asia uniquely positioned to lead in R&D efforts Rural Multihop • Last-20 mile solution • Antennas, repeaters, and multihop networking provide long-range broadband infrastructure • Experimental 802.11b Network connecting the Kanpur-Lucknow corridor (achieved more than 4Mb/s) • DakNet • Last-mile “seed”infrastructure • Store-and-forward wireless networking for rural connectivity • Mobile Access Points can be mounted on buses, mopeds… • High-bandwidth (supports voice and data transmission) • Pilot testing underway Rural p2p Meshes

37. TOMORROW’S TOOLS: GRAM CHITRA(E-GOVERNANCE PLATFORM, NATIONAL SECURITY) • Low-cost GPS/GIS platform on handheld computers empowering villagers to create local maps • Applications include: • Census data collection • Educating schoolchildren on mapping • Automating land records • Epidemiological data collection for infectious diseases • Forestry management • Disaster management planning • GPS.Everywhere

38. VALUE EXAMPLES Rural Wi-Fi GIS CA:SH • Empowers village women, children to automatically create maps, collect info • Enables quality state government decision- making • Enables high quality census data collection from grassroots • National ID card program • Defence/security applications • Water quality and medical extension • Tests, demonstrates lower cost rural connectivity with telecom features • Enables villages to receive apps, e- governance services along the rural communications wireless trunk • Enables a new breed of apps, services to villages not typically connected by advanced communications • Enables mobile data collection, monitoring & medical services in the midst of rural communities • Expands coverage significantly of delivering & monitoring rural healthcare, esp to women & children • Quality Information for decision-making • Quick tracking of disease patterns in rural communities AFFORDABLE RURAL COMMUNICATION – E-GOVERNANCE

39. DIGITAL VILLAGE: INFOTHELA(E-GOVERNANCE) • “Information or e-Governance Cart” for providing and exchanging information • Pedal driven vehicle outfitted with a PC on connected via wireless technology • Pedaling charges battery pack • Accommodates diagnostic equipments (e.g. blood pressure testing machine) • Mobile platform for bringing ICTs directly to the user

40. The Dynamics of BOP Markets: • The Poorest Live in Highest Cost Sub Economies • They have Purchasing Power • Significant % of Poor are Geographically • Concentrated • The Rural/Urban Economic Divide is a Myth • The Poor Accept New Technologies • There is a Significant Multiplier Effect to • Infrastructure Investments among the Poor • Women are Key to Developing these Markets

41. We Need to go Beyond Quality:Scale and Geographic Scope USA, Europe, Japan S.Korea, Taiwan Finland Switzerland World Scale Domestic Market China India China India, Brazil Small Domestic Market Local Firms Global Firms

42. Emerging Markets as the Test Bed of Innovation: Criteria Scale of Operations 800 million Indian Consumers 4500 million Global Consumers New Price-Perf. Levels Sustainable Development Innovative High Tech. Solutions

43. INDIA HAS THE POTENTIAL FOR BECOMING ONE OF THE WORLD’S LARGEST AND THE MOSTINNOVATIVE MARKET FOR…. 11. Water 12. Primary Health 13. Hospitality 14. Retailing 15. Agri Inputs 16. Desert Farming 17. Adult Education 18. Art Restoration 19. Solar Power 20. Refrigeration • Cement • Processed Food • Confectionary • Footwear • Textiles • Two Wheelers • TVs • Wireless Devices • Public Transportation • Waste Management

44. Thank You