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Introduction to Genetic Engineering: Understanding Gene Transfer, Therapy, and Genomics

Explore the fundamentals of genetic engineering and gene transfer in this comprehensive guide. Learn the step-by-step processes involved, from cutting and copying DNA to cloning and making human insulin using E. coli. Delve into the significance of genomics and its implications in health and disease management, including gene therapy for disorders such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease. Discover how advancements in understanding our genome can inform human evolution and the ethical considerations surrounding genetic patents.

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Introduction to Genetic Engineering: Understanding Gene Transfer, Therapy, and Genomics

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  1. 10th Grade genetic Engineering

  2. Gene transfer 101: the basics of cutting, copying, pasting and cloning genes • An introduction • Step-by-step

  3. How does genetic engineering work? • Cut out desired DNA using • Insert DNA into plasmid • Insert plasmid (vector) into host cell

  4. Genetic Engineering: Making Human insulin • E. Coli make human insulin

  5. Genetic Engineering: Making Factor IX in sheep… 1997: Factor IX isolated and purified from sheep’s milk to treat one hereditary form of haemophilia (Haemophilia B, Christmas Disease)

  6. The brave new world of genomics GENOMICS – analysis of the structure and function of genomes…

  7. You don’t need to know this for your test!

  8. Learning about your genome • 2 out of 3 of us will die of a genetically related disease • Many (some say all) diseases have a genetic cause • Genetic report cards can identify ‘potential risk’ of future illnesses

  9. Do you want to know your genome? Do you want to know your genome? Are you sure?

  10. Gene therapy • Find defective genes and ‘fix them’ • Insert a healthy normal gene or gene product (lipid, protein)to achieve normal function • Most effective for single gene disorders: cystic fibrosis, Sickle Cell disease,

  11. Pharmacogenomics Uses information about your genetic make-up to determine the drug, and drug doses, that will work best for you Currently used for treatment of: • HIV • Breast cancer • Colon cancer • Mental illness

  12. Using our genome to understand human evolution By sequencing and databasing genes, we can see similarities and differences between species • The closer the genome match, the closer their evolutionary history • Human Chromosome 2 came from fusion of two great ape chromosomes • Karl Miller on human evolution • The time-tree of evolution

  13. Ethics and the human genome How companies are patenting your genetic code

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