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CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY. NICVA Master Class 21 September 2012 Jan Aart Scholte University of Warwick scholte@warwick.ac.uk. OUTLINE. Globalisation: images from above & below What is globalisation? How do global economic relations affect Northern Ireland?

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CIVIL SOCIETY AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

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  1. CIVIL SOCIETY AND THEGLOBAL ECONOMY NICVA Master Class 21 September 2012 Jan AartScholte University of Warwick scholte@warwick.ac.uk

  2. OUTLINE • Globalisation: images from above & below • What is globalisation? • How do global economic relations affect Northern Ireland? • What regulatory arrangements (mis)govern global economic flows? • How can civil society groups influence governance of the global economy?

  3. Globalisation (from above)

  4. Globalisation (from above)

  5. Globalisation (from above)

  6. Globalisation (from above)

  7. Globalisation (from above)

  8. Globalisation (from below)

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  13. Globalisation (from below)

  14. What Is Globalisation? A shift in geography whereby people increasingly have direct (and in many cases also instant) links with one another wherever on earth they might be located

  15. What Is Globalisation? Globalisation is not new to contemporary society, but now globality has unprecedented: • Scale (its amounts) • Range (its scope and types of manifestations) • Frequency (its regularity) • Velocity (its speeds) • Intensity (the depth with which experienced) • Impact (its consequences)

  16. Global Economy and Northern Ireland • Communications (global telecoms, global mass media, global Internet) • Travel (global tourism, global migration, flight technologies) • Production (global manufacturing processes) • Markets (global trade, global brands, global retail chains) • Money (precious metals, SDRs, hard currencies, credit/debit cards)

  17. Global Economy and Northern Ireland • Finance (banking, securities, derivatives, insurance) • Ecology (human population, climate change, biodiversity, natural resources, pollution) • Health (infectious disease, other epidemics) • Organisations (global companies, global governance bodies, global social movements) • Rules (global laws, global standards, global norms, global courts)

  18. Who Governs the Global Economy? (1) Nation-states • neither dead nor dying • States in today’s more global world generally have more resources and capacities than ever • So lobbying ministries and Parliament in London still has a place for NI activism on the global economy

  19. Who Governs the Global Economy? (2) transgovernmental networks • middle-ranking and senior ministerial officials; not treaty-based; no permanent secretariat • Group of 8; Group of 20 • International Competition Network; Nuclear Suppliers Group; OECD Committees • Generally more challenging for civil society activism to engage, but of vital importance

  20. Who Governs the Global Economy? (3) Global intergovernmental organisations • formal legal bodies with permanent offices and own resources • International Monetary Fund, World Bank, World Trade Organisation • also United Nations Economic and Social Council and other UN (e.g. FAO, ITU, UNDP)

  21. Who Governs the Global Economy? (4) regional intergovernmental institutions • Macroregional bodies such as the European Union • Microregional bodies such as the Northern Ireland Executive • Interregional mechanisms such as the Asia-Europe Meeting and EU Committee of the Regions

  22. Who Governs the Global Economy? (5) Local government global governance through local governance • United Cities and Local Governments; World Urban Forum; Metropolis; UN Global Cities Compact; Int’l Union of Local Authorities • ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability; Sustainable Cities Network

  23. Who Governs the Global Economy? (6) private global governance (market-based) • Finance (IASB, ICMA, WFE, DPG, HFSB, credit-rating agencies, etc.) • Production (CSR schemes) • Communications (ICANN) • Sport (FIFA, IOC)

  24. Who Governs the Global Economy? (7) private global governance (civil society) • anti-corruption (Transparency International) • production (Fair Labor Association) • trade (World Fair Trade Organisation) • finance (alternative currency schemes • ecology (Forestry Stewardship Council, MSC)

  25. Who Governs the Global Economy? (8) Hybrid institutions, multistakeholder forums • International Labour Organisation • International Organisation for Standardisation • Proliferation since 1990s: GFATM, Global Compact, GRI, IAASTD, Berne Union on export credits

  26. Polycentrism: What a Mess! • How to understand and navigate? • How to get coherenceand coordination? • Howto obtain complianceand enforcement? • How to achieve efficiency and cost-effectiveness? • How to establish control? • How to secure public participation? • How to obtain (democratic) accountability?

  27. What Can Civil Society Do?Adopt an Issue Focus • Pursue issues rather than institutions • Map the polycentric governance that relates to your focal issue • Do the necessary homework • Have confidence: it’s just a new way of thinking, not that hard, and very important!

  28. What Can Civil Society Do?Advance Citizen Learning • Raise awareness, promote learning • Schools and universities • Grassroots learning in NGOs and SMs • Mass media • Internet and other new social media • Arts (e.g. theatre, mural, monument)

  29. What Can Civil Society Do?Engage (Directly) • consultation (formal mechanisms and ad hoc) • accreditation (general and conference) • delegation membership • committee seats • board membership • direct action (public demonstrations, physical disruptions)

  30. What Can Civil Society Do?Engage (Indirectly) • via other governance bodies (‘boomerang’) • via legislators and parliaments • via political parties • via journalists • via researchers • via companies • via celebrities

  31. What Can Civil Society Do?Affect Policy • substance (policy decisions) • agendas (issues considered and with what priority) • institutions (creation and subsequent reform) • discourses (language and concepts) • deeper structures (e.g. of community)

  32. What Can Civil Society Do?Raise Democratic Accountability • Transparency and Openness • Consultation (substantive, not ritual) • Monitoring and Evaluation • Correction and Redress

  33. Civil Society and Global GovernanceKey Lessons • Develop capacity • Build coalitions and coordinate • Promote inclusion, especially of marginalised • Avoid cooptation • Nurture own accountability • Have patience: it’s a long haul thing

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