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China & Europeans

China & Europeans. Portuguese. 1514 – Coast of China 1557 – Trading station established Jesuit missionaries Astronomy – helped Chinese calendar Members of the royal cabinet Able to convert high ranking officials Economic, Political, and Spiritual Power Downfall – Allegiance to Pope Macao.

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China & Europeans

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  1. China & Europeans

  2. Portuguese • 1514 – Coast of China • 1557 – Trading station established • Jesuit missionaries • Astronomy – helped Chinese calendar • Members of the royal cabinet • Able to convert high ranking officials • Economic, Political, and Spiritual Power • Downfall – Allegiance to Pope • Macao

  3. British • Silk & Tea • China’s tea – Best in the world • East India Company • Monopoly on silk, tea, spices • Restrictions • Guangzhou, special settlements, officially approved Chinese merchants • Worked for a little while

  4. Free Trade • Reaction to mercantilism • Government should no restrict or interfere with international trade • British traders (not with EIC) resent monopoly • Tried twice to get China to open up – failed • 1833 Britain abolished monopoly • Managing agency for British government in India

  5. Opium Trade • Cotton -> Tea • Only need so much cotton • Opium (addicting drug) • More silver leave than entering • Tried to stop the sale of opium

  6. Lin Tse-Hsu to Queen Victoria • “Let us suppose that foreigners came from another country, and brought opium into England, and seduced the people of your country to smoke it, would not you, the sovereign of the said country, look upon such a procedure with anger, and in your just indignation endeavor to get rid of it? Now we have always heard that your highness possesses a most kind and benevolent heart, surely then you are incapable of doing or causing to be done unto another, that which you should not wish another to do unto you!”

  7. Opium War • 1839-1842 • Chinese military and navy no match for British army and navy • Treaty of Nanjing • Hong Kong go to British (1997) • 5 new ports • Fixed, low tariffs • British Law, not Chinese in Ports • Extraterritoriality – Follow the laws of your home country in another country

  8. “Unequal” Treaties • France, United States, Russia • Signed because of fear of defeat or invasion • 1856 Second Opium War – British and French won. • Yangtze river ports, embassy in Beijing, protect Christians • Britain – Long term lease across from Hong Kong

  9. Why so easy? • Rebellion • Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 • Hong Xiuguan • Muslims in central & western China launched their own rebellion • Qing dynasty quashed rebellions, but at a price

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