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Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. What is Industrial Hygiene?. The science of Anticipating, Identifying, Evaluating, and Controlling Environment Hazards in the Workplace. The science of protecting the worker through the control of the work environment. Things to Consider.

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Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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  1. Introduction toINDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

  2. What is Industrial Hygiene? The science of Anticipating, Identifying, Evaluating, and Controlling Environment Hazards in the Workplace. The science of protecting the worker through the control of the work environment.

  3. Things to Consider Industrial Hygienists look at; • Health issues rather than just Safety. • Illnesses rather than Injuries.

  4. COST What is the cost of illnesses to Industry? • In 1990 the average cost of an Illness was $27,386. • Skin Disorders, averaged $3,368. • Pneumoconiosis, averaged $77,467.

  5. HAZARDS In Industrial Hygiene we want to be concerned with 4 Types of Hazards. What are they?

  6. CHEMICAL The FIRST group and the one that comes to mind for most people is Chemical Hazards. EXAMPLES INCLUDE: • Paints/Solvents • Welding Fumes • Wood Dust • Carbon Monoxide • Exhaust Fumes

  7. Chemical Effects • Local • Damage to the part of the body that comes in contact with the substance. • Systemic • Chemical is absorbed by the body and attacks a target organ.

  8. PHYSICAL The SECOND group is Physical Hazards. Examples Include: • Noise • Extreme Heat • Extreme Cold • Light

  9. BIOLOGICAL The THIRD group is Biological Hazards. Examples Include: • Infectious Blood/Body Fluids • Bird Droppings • Mold & Mildew • Tuberculosis/Hepatitis • Hypersensitivity Pnuemonitis

  10. RADIATION The FOURTH group is Radiation Hazards. Examples Include: • Ultra-Violet (UV) Light • Infra-Red (IR) Radiation • Microwaves • Radar • Lasers • X-Rays

  11. ROUTES of ENTRY • Inhalation • Ingestion • Skin Absorption • Injection

  12. Acute vs. Chronic Many illnesses are not obvious because they take so long to Develop (latency period). DISEASE YEAR TO DIAGNOSIS Asbestosis Usually 10-20 Years Silicosis Usually After 10-20 Years of exposure Black Lung Usually after 10 Years

  13. PLAN of ACTION What do you want to do as far as dealing with these hazards? The first thing is to Develop a Plan. • Recognize the Hazard • Evaluate the Hazard • Control the Hazard

  14. RECOGNITION How can you find the Potential Health Hazards in your Facility? * Walk-Through Survey * Ask Employees * Check The Inventory * Inquire With Assoc. * Inquire with Unions * NIOSH * OSHA * Safety & Health Organizations Many Organizations Publish valuable information like trade assoc., unions, NIOSH, OSHA and others.

  15. EVALUATION Once you have identified the hazards, how do you evaluate them? Is the exposure necessary? • If not, eliminate it. • If the exposure can’t be avoided, measure it for comparison with published standards or background levels.

  16. Evaluating Risk Factors • Frequency (how often) • Intensity (how much) • Duration (how long) • Individual Sensitivity • Toxicity of the Chemical

  17. Keep in Mind…... “What is it that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing is without poison. It is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison.”

  18. To Evaluate, We Must Measure Units of Measurement • Parts per Million (ppm) • Milligrams per Cubic Meter (mg/M3) • Fibers per Cubic Centimeter (f/cc)

  19. Organizations OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ACGIH American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists AIHA American Industrial Hygiene Association

  20. Exposure Limits • OSHA - Permissible Exposure Limit • ACGIH - Threshold Limit Value • NIOSH - Recommended Exposure Limit • AIHA - Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit

  21. Threshold Limit Value • TLV - Airborne concentrations to which nearly all workers may be routinely exposed without adverse health effects. • TWA - Time Weighted Average. Based on an 8 hour exposure and assumes a 40 hour work week. • STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit (4/15/60) • C - Ceiling Limit (should never be exceeded) • IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health • Skin - Capable of cutaneous skin absorption

  22. CONTROLLING HAZARDS The final step is controlling the potentially hazardous exposure. • Engineering Controls • Administrative Controls • Personal Protective Equipment

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