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Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Industrial Hygiene.

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Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

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  1. Introductionto INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

  2. Industrial Hygiene • “that science or art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers”

  3. OSH Act of 1970 • The purpose of the OSH Act is to “assure so far as possible every working, man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources.”

  4. Environmental Factors or Stresses • Chemical hazards • gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, and smoke • Physical hazards • non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, noise, vibration, extreme temperatures and pressures

  5. Environmental Factors or Stresses • Ergonomic hazards • workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions • Biological hazards • insects, mold, yeast, fungi, bacteria, and viruses

  6. Routes of Entry • Inhalation • airborne contaminants • Absorption • penetration through the skin • Ingestion • eating • drinking

  7. OSHA Hierarchy of Control • Engineering controls • Work practice controls • Administrative controls • Personal protective equipment (PPE)

  8. Types of Exposure • Acute • Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms • Chronic • Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms

  9. Types of Air Contaminants • Particulates • dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers • non respirable particles • > 10 m in diameter • respirable particles • < 10 m in diameter

  10. Types of Air Contaminants • Fumes • volatilized solids condenses in cool air • < 1.0 m in diameter • hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide • Mists • suspended solid droplets • generated by a condensation of liquids from a vapors to a liquid state

  11. Types of Air Contaminants • Fibers • solid, slender, elongated structures • length several times the diameter • Gases • formless fluids that expand to occupy a space • arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air • Vapors • liquid changed to vapor • organic solvents

  12. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • Occupational Safety and Health Administration • NIOSH • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health • ACGIH • American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists

  13. Exposure LimitsAir Contaminants • OSHA • PEL • permissible exposure limit • NIOSH • REL • recommended exposure level • ACGIH • TLV • threshold limit value

  14. Hearing Conservation Program • Mandatory • at an 8-hour TWA > 85 dBA • Exposure monitoring • Audiometric testing • Hearing protection • Employee training • Recordkeeping

  15. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne pathogens include • Hepatitis B • HIV • Others • 29 CFR 1910.1030 • describes actions employers must take to reduce risk of exposure in the workplace

  16. Industrial Hygiene • ANTICIPATION • RECOGNITION • EVALUTION • CONTROL

  17. Consultation Assistance • For Industrial Hygiene help, contact The Office of Safety & Health Consultation at (302) 761-8219 • Or • Click on the Consultant staff link on the Main Page to E-Mail a Consultant.

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