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Genetics Review Completion _____ is the passing of traits from one generation to another. Heredity

Genetics Review Completion _____ is the passing of traits from one generation to another. Heredity 2. A plant that receives different genetic information from each parent is Hybrid/heterozygous 3. A _______ trait covers up other traits. Dominant

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Genetics Review Completion _____ is the passing of traits from one generation to another. Heredity

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  1. Genetics Review Completion • _____ is the passing of traits from one generation to another. • Heredity 2. A plant that receives different genetic information from each parent is • Hybrid/heterozygous 3. A _______ trait covers up other traits. • Dominant 4. In a Punnett square, a small letter (t) stands for a ______ allele. • Recessive 5. A tool used to predict the possible offspring of a mating is called a • Punnett Square

  2. 6. The genetic makeup of an organism is called its • Genotype 7. ______ is a way an organism looks and behaves as a result of its genotype. • Phenotype 8. The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles • Genetics 9. An organism with 2 alleles that are exactly the same is • Homozygous 10. An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait is • Hybrid/heterozygous 11. Describe the cause of genetic disorders. • Mutations – a change in a chromosome or gene

  3. 12.An organism having two different alleles for a trait is called a. heterozygote   b. homozygous dominant     c. genotype    d. monohybrid cross

  4. 13. The phenotype of an organism a. represents its genetic composition b. reflects all the traits that are actually expressed c. occurs only in dominant pure organisms d. cannot be seen

  5. R = round r = wrinkled 14. Give the allele combinations for the following genotypes: • Heterozygous round seeds • Homozygous round seeds • Wrinkled seeds 15. Give the phenotypes for the following genotypes: 4. RR 5. Rr 6. rr Rr RR rr Homozygous/pure dominant Heterozygous/hybrid Homozygous/pure recessive

  6. 16. The pedigree shows the inheritance of attached earlobes for 4 generations. A. Is the trait for attached earlobes, dominant or recessive? Recessive B. How do you know? Only 2 people out of 14 have attached earlobes.

  7. 17. Give the phenotypes and genotypes for all possible offspring if a hybrid brown eyed male is crossed with a blue eyed woman. Phenotype: Bb x bb 50% brown 50% blue b b Bb Bb B b Genotype: 50% hybrid 50% pure recessive bb bb

  8. 18. Each has a dominant gene. Bb - hybrid

  9. 19. Use the diagram below to answer the questions that follow. a. Circle the sex chromosomes. b. What is the sex of this person? male

  10. 2. 100% 5% They both have at least 1 dominant gene.

  11. 20. Study the pedigree chart below that shows the occurrence of color blindness in three generations of a family. 2 a. Is there anyone with colorblindness in the first generation? 1 No 5 3 4 b. Describe the condition of the mother in the first generation. She is a carrier c. How many children did the parents in generation 1 have? 7 6 2

  12. Study the pedigree chart below that shows the occurrence of color blindness in three generations of a family. 2 1 d. Did anyof these children get married? If so, which one? 5 3 4 Yes, #4 e. Identify which people were colorblind in these 3 generations. 7 6 3 & 4

  13. 21. The pedigree shows the inheritance of tongue rolling. Is this trait dominant or recessive? Why? • Dominant • 10 out of 14 people can roll their tongue.

  14. 22. T = Tall t = short Give the genotype for each gene combination: TT: tt: Tt: Homozygous/pure dominant Homozygous/pure recessive Heterozygous/Hybrid

  15. 23. If an individual possesses two recessive alleles for the same trait, the individual is said to be a. homozygous for the trait             b. haploid for the trait c. heterozygous for the trait           d. mutated

  16.   24. Mendel hypothesized that each trait is controlled by a factor, now called a a. gene     b. mate   c. hybrid    d. dominance

  17. 25. A heterozygous fire-breathing dragon is crossed with one that does not breathe fire. What kind of offspring might they have? Give phenotype and genotype. Ff x ff Phenotype: 50% fire breathing 50% no fire breathing F f Ff ff f f Genotype: 50% hybrid 50% pure recessive Ff ff

  18. 26. Also in dragons, wings are a dominant trait.  If you crossed two wingless dragons, what kind of offspring might they have? Give phenotype and genotype. ww x ww Phenotype: 100% wingless w w ww ww w w Genotype: 100% pure rec ww ww

  19. 27. Which sequence shows the most complex structure to the least complex structure? • gene – DNA – chromosome • DNA – gene – chromosome • gene – chromosome – DNA • chromosome – gene – DNA

  20. 28. Combining DNA from two different organisms is an example of 29. Combining the desirable qualities of 2 different organisms into one is referred to as 30. The process in which genetically identical offspring are produced by using the cells of an organism is called genetic engineering selective breeding or hybridization cloning

  21. 31. The type of selective breeding in which organisms with different traits are crossed is called 32. The type of selective breeding in which organisms with similar traits are crossed to preserve the trait is called Hybridization. inbreeding.

  22. 33. Gene / DNA a. What does structure A represent? b. What does structure B represent? c. What technique is illustrated in the diagram? d. What is this technique used for? Recombinant DNA Genetic engineering To produce insulin, growth hormone, clotting factors, genetically modified foods

  23. 34. a. The letter X most likely represents (1.)   bacterial cells that are unable to synthesize insulin (2.)   human cells that are able to synthesize antibodies (3.)   bacterial cells that are able to synthesize insulin (4.)   human cells that are unable to resist antibiotics b. What is this process an example of? Genetic engineering

  24. 35. Genetic engineering has been utilized for the production of • salivary amylase • human growth hormone • hydrochloric acid • uric acid crystals

  25. 36. Two heterozygous dragons are crossed. What kind of offspring might they have? Give phenotype and genotype. Ff x Ff Phenotype: 75% fire breathing 25% no fire breathing F f FF Ff F f Genotype: 50% hybrid 25% pure rec 25% pure dom Ff ff

  26. 37. When humans first domesticated dogs, there was relatively little diversity in the species. Today, there are many variations such as the German shepherd and the dalmation. This increase in diversity is most closely associated with • cloning of selected body cells • selective breeding • mitotic cell division • environmental influences on inherited traits

  27. 38. Cloning a. What technique is represented above? b. Which sheep is the source of the nucleus in the fused cell? c. Which animal is a clone? d. Which sheep provided an egg cell? e. Which 2 animals are genetically identical? Why? A The lamb B Sheep A and the lamb because the lamb’s chromosomes came from Sheep A’s nucleus.

  28. 39. What does this pedigree chart show? • How many people are unaffected “carriers”? • b. How many people are affected by the disorder? • c. How many carriers are female? 6 6 5

  29. 40. What does this pedigree chart show? • How many people are unaffected “carriers”? • b. How many people are affected by the disorder? • c. Is the disorder dominant or recessive? 9 6 recessive

  30. 41. One cat carries heterozygous, long-haired traits (Ss), and its mate carries homozygous short-haired traits (ss). Use a Punnett square to determine the phenotype and genotype of this cross. Phenotype: Ss x ss 50% long 50% short S s Ss ss s s Genotype: 50% hybrid 50% pure recessive Ss ss

  31. 42. One flower is heterozygous red and it is crossed with a homozygous dominant plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the phenotype and genotype of this cross. Phenotype: Rr x RR 100% red R r RR Rr R R Genotype: 50% hybrid 50% pure dominant RR Rr

  32. 43. KARYOTYPES • A. Number of sex chromosomes B. Sex of this person 2 male

  33. 44. KARYOTYPES A. Number of sex chromosomes B. Sex of this person 2 female

  34. 45. PEDIGREE CHARTS a. Is this trait dominant or recessive? Explain. b. How many children did #’s 1 & 2 have? c. How many generations are represented? d. How many people have fast twitch muscles? Recessive because only 4 out of 14 people have the trait. 4 3 10

  35. 46. If an egg is fertilized by a sperm with an X chromosome, the offspring will be A. female, XX B. female, XY C. male, YY D. male, XX47. In a pedigree chart _____. A. a shaded circle represents a normal (unaffected) female B. a square represents an affected male C. a line between a circle and a square represents a union D. all of the above

  36. 48. 49.

  37. 50. 51.

  38. 52. 53.

  39. 54. 100% R r R RR Rr r Rr rr

  40. 55. 50

  41. 56. 57.

  42. 58. 4 2

  43. 59.

  44. 60. 61.

  45. 62.

  46. 63. Tt x Tt When these 2 are crossed using a Punnett Square, there is a 25% chance that their offspring will be short (tt)

  47. 64.

  48. 65.

  49. 66. They both have a dominant gene (G) so they are both Green.

  50. 67. Rr rr Rr rr

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