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Unit 4 Chapter 14

Britain. Scotland. Unit 4 Chapter 14. Section 1 The British Isles. Northern Ireland-Unionists. Wales. Ireland. Section 1 The British Isles. HISTORY— How has history affected the culture of the British Isles?  Early settlers left landmarks and monuments like Stonehenge

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Unit 4 Chapter 14

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  1. Britain Scotland Unit 4Chapter 14 Section 1 The British Isles Northern Ireland-Unionists Wales Ireland

  2. Section 1The British Isles HISTORY—How has history affected the culture of the British Isles?  • Early settlers left landmarks and monuments like Stonehenge • Celts-Romans-Angles/Saxons-Vikings-Normans (French)

  3. Each group of people built towns and settlements-WHERE? on water! • Built strong navy because they were next to the ocean

  4. 1600-1700’s-founded colonies • 1800’s-colonies • oprovided raw materials • oserved as markets for finished goods from Britain • ospread English law, religion, language and customs Columbian Exchange

  5. British Empire’s Colonies in 1900’s By 1921, the British Empire ruled approximately one-quarter of the world's population. It covered about a quarter of Earth's total land area. Though it has now mostly evolved into the Commonwealth of Nations, British influence remains strong throughout the world: in economic practice, legal and governmental systems, sports (such as cricket and soccer), and the English language itself.

  6. Tower Bridge, London

  7. Section 1The British Isles CULTURE – Explain why the cultures of Ireland and the United Kingdom are so similar. • IrelandUnited Kingdom • Republic Constitutional Monarchy • Mostly Roman Catholic Mostly Protestant • Some Gaelic speakers Gaelic Words • BOTH • Democratic government • Largely Christian • Mostly English language • Similar social lives and sports

  8. London Eye Ferris Wheel

  9. Section 1 The British Isles ECONOMY Describe how the British economy has changed over the last 200 years. 1700’s • coal and iron mining (helped develop industry) • transportation using rivers and canals (helped develop industry) 1800’s • first railroads built (helped develop industry) • subway system (helped develop industry)

  10. Early European Industries: iron, steel, shipbuilding, textiles (clothing materials) Britain 1900’s:Trade and industries declined; Government began owning businesses Way of Life: The British Way of Life: Industrialization and the Growth of the British Empire [03:03] Today: Businesses are owned by private citizens; New industries=service, tourism, and technology Ireland Ireland economy used to be based on farming Moments in Time: Famine to Freedom: The Great Irish Journey : The Potato Blight Strikes Ireland Now low taxes and good education help bring new jobs to country

  11. Big Ben

  12. Section 1The British Isles ISSUES & CHALLENGES Identify the issue that has caused tension in Northern Ireland. English & Scottish people of the Protestant religion in Northern Ireland want to stay part of the United Kingdom vs. Irish people of the Catholic religion in Northern Ireland want to become part of the Republic of Ireland =fighting in Northern Ireland, especially Belfast Days That Shook the World: 1955–1986 : Bloody Sunday Deaths in Northern Ireland 1998 Agreement=shared government between Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland, and United Kingdom

  13. The Chunnel The History of Channel Tunnel • opened1994 (took ~ 8 yrs) • 3 tunnels inside: 1 for Eurostar, 1 for Eurotunnel and 1 for service shuttle that takes care of maintenance • Total length: 31 miles long, 150 feet below the sea bed -35 minute travel time -cost is 200-300$ to drive

  14. British Music Invasion • The Beatles http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKHFUKZ-IXE • Rolling Stones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3a7cHPy04s8 • The Who http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdLIerfXuZ4&feature=artistob&playnext=1&list=TLm4RZg_Z0dZk Eric Clapton Elton John Pink Floyd Led Zepplin

  15. Unit 4Chapter 14 Section 2 France

  16. Section 2France • HISTORY & CULTURE • — Describe French culture • Discovery Atlas: France Revealed: Short Stories : Enchanting Paris • Culture influenced by many migrants • Culture joined by language (French) and religion (Roman Catholic) • Some French see American things spreading to their country (movies, words, fast food) as a threat to their own French identity • Paris formed on an island in the middle of the Seine River more than 2,000 years ago • Paris is the center of French fashion, tourism, culture

  17. French Colonization • French colonies in: Americas, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean Reasons for French colonization in North America: • conversion of the Indians to Christianity • fur trading • keeping the English at bay • Reasons for French colonization in Africa: • France felt depleted of natural resources needed for industrialization and had an interest in the raw materials found in Africa. • After Napoléon Bonaparte was finally defeated at Waterloo in 1815, the French saw colonization in Africa as a chance to gain back French dignity and prestige in the French competition against the English.

  18. Section 2France • ECONOMY--Identify some of the main industries in France • Fashion • Farming • Tourism

  19. Section 2France • ISSUES & CHALLENGES— • Consider the challenges that France faces today. • Government’s influence on the economy • --High Taxes • --Lots of rules • --Many industries are owned by government • --Immigration from N. Africa

  20. Immigrants from North Africa and Indochina coming to France since early 1900’s (Algeria, Morocco) (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos) --Jobs for immigrants? --Neighborhoods where they live?

  21. Relationships with former colonies --Territories (Tahiti, Guadeloupe, Reunion, French Guiana) Some wanting independence (Corsica)

  22. Netherlands UNIT 4CHAPTER 14 Luxembourg Belgium SECTION 3 (pg 315-317) The Benelux Countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) The two flags are quite identical. According to "holy texts," the Netherlands' flag has a 2:3 ratio while the classical ratio of Luxembourg's is 3:5. Moreover, the nuance of blue is defined as "cobalt blue" for both the flags, even if in Luxembourg's flag it is often lighter than in that of the Netherlands'.

  23. The Benelux CountriesHISTORY & CULTUREWhat historical ties do the Benelux countries share? • History Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg used to all be part of Netherlands. They were all fought over due to their location between France, Germany & the United Kingdom. After WWII, they established a political and economic union which eventually led to the creation of the European Union. • Land Reclamation “Netherlands”=“low lands” because much of the country is below sea level leading to marshes and wetlands. People there work to reclaim the land from the sea. They build polders. What are polders? Dutch Concerns: floods, rising sea levels • Language Dutch spoken in Netherlands & in Northern Belgium (dialect: Flemish) Belgians also speak French Luxembourg has 3 official languages:German, French, Luxembourg(German & Dutch)

  24. The Benelux CountriesURBAN & ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENTSWhat are the cities and economies of the Benelux countries like? World Geography: Europe : Belgium and the Netherlands Belgian Cities • Brussels-headquarters for EU & NATO; considered cosmopolitan-influenced by many Belgian Economy-industry, agriculture, & services for international business, diamond cutting, quality carpets, chocolate Dutch Economy-agriculture, especially dairy and flowers, natural gas on coast Dutch Cities • Amsterdam & Rotterdam & The Hague Luxembourg • Forested and hilly, constitutional monarchy, from steel producing to international banking

  25. Grand Palace, Brussels

  26. Netherlands Hague Hotel on the North Sea

  27. Luxembourg

  28. Denmark Norway Sweden UNIT 4CHAPTER 14 Iceland Finland SECTION 4 (pg 318-321) Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway, Sweden) (Finland & Iceland) Among Scandinavian flags, all flags show the Scandinavian Cross (also called Nordic Cross or Crusader's Cross). The vertical bar of the Scandinavian Cross isn't centered on the flag, but is moved toward the flag's left side (hoist).

  29. ScandinaviaHISTORY & CULTURE How are Scandinavian cultures the same and different? Scandinavia: Its Water, Its History, and Its People : Scandinavia: It’s People • PAST = Vikings, NOW = high standards of living • Most are Protestant Lutheran religion • Many languages are similar (except for Flemish) Danish Swedish and Norwegian understand each other • Democratic governments In what areas do most people in Scandinavia live? • Most live in southern parts of their countries • Most people live in urban cities (85% in Sweden) Greenland-territory of Denmark; icy interior uninhabitable, people live on rocky coast Iceland - People live on coastal plains due to ice covered lava rock interior; volcanic activity generates geysers

  30. Scandinavia ECONOMYWhat does the economy of this region rely on? • Denmark - high tech industries = $$$ • Finland - PAST=export natural resources, NOW=manufactures high tech goods, also dairy and meat packing • Sweden - paper & wood (due to forests) • Iceland – fishing • Norway –fishing, offshore oil & gas (export surplus of electricity) Sweden’s economy = capitalism + socialism • High taxes pay for social welfare, environmental protection, sports & the arts • Benefits-national health insurance, help parents raise kids

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