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Hematology and Blood Rheology

Hematology and Blood Rheology. Elements of Blood. Blood includes 40 to 45% formed elements: Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes). White Blood Cells (leukocytes). Platlets (thrombocytes). 55 to 60% plasma: Transparent liquid in which the cellular components of blood are suspended .

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Hematology and Blood Rheology

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  1. Hematology and Blood Rheology

  2. Elements of Blood • Blood includes 40 to 45% formed elements: • Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes). • White Blood Cells (leukocytes). • Platlets (thrombocytes). • 55 to 60% plasma: • Transparent liquid in which the cellular components of blood are suspended

  3. Elements of Blood Blood Characteristics: 6 to 8% of body weight in normal healthy humans. Density: 1060 kg/m3 Therefore, most of people have between 4.5 and 6 L of blood.

  4. Elements of Blood Blood Viscosity: The viscosity of blood is in the range 0.003 to 0.006 N s/m2 Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid: its viscosity is not a constant with respect to the rate of shearing strain. The viscosity is also dependent on the T and the volume of blood that consists of RBC (hematocrit)

  5. Elements of Blood A normal hematocrit is between 42 and 45% Lower hematocrit: anemia. Higher hematocrit: polycythemia

  6. Elements of Blood Erythrocytes: Erythros: red ; kytos: hollow Biconcave discs with a diameter of around 8 m.

  7. Elements of Blood • Its lifespan is around 125 days. After this they become fragile and desintegrate. • 0.8% of RBC are destroyed every day, and the same amount is produced in bone marrow. • Iron is required to produce hemoglobin necessary for RBC production. 1 to 4 mg of iron/day is the minimum required.

  8. Elements of Blood • Normal healthy blood contains around 5 million RBC in each cubic millimeter. • Hemoglobin: • It is a large molecule. • It associates with O2: red color • It associates with CO2: bluish purple color

  9. Elements of Blood Erythrocytes indices: Mean corpuscular volume (MCV): Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH): Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

  10. Elements of Blood Leukocytes: White blood cells. 4000 to 11000 leukocytes. 1 leukocyte for 500 RBC. There are two categories: Phagocytes: spend their time eating foreign bodies. Immunocytes: involved in the immune response of the body.

  11. Elements of Blood Leukocytes: White blood cells. 4000 to 11000 leukocytes. 1 leukocyte for 500 RBC. There are two categories: Phagocytes: spend their time eating foreign bodies. Immunocytes: involved in the immune response of the body.

  12. Elements of Blood • Thrombocytes: • Platlets. • Normal lifespan 7 to 10 days. 250 000 platlets/ ml3 • Their role is to form a mechanical plug during normal hemostatic response to vascular injuries.

  13. Elements of Blood • Blood types: • ABO • A 42% • B 9% • AB 4% • O 46%

  14. Elements of Blood • Plasma: • Around 92% water by volume. • Contains: sodium ions, potassium, calcium, … (1%). • 7% plasma proteins.

  15. Elements of Blood • Blood PH: • Normal PH is between 7.35 and 7.45

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