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The Rise of Early Towns: Social and Economic Transformations

This lesson explores the conditions that fostered the success of early towns, focusing on historical examples such as Jericho and Catal Huyuk. It highlights how advances in agriculture and trade enabled villages to evolve into bustling communities. Key topics include the division of labor and the emergence of social classes, as well as the establishment of organized governments. The growth of cities led to significant social and economic changes, paving the way for the first civilizations in Mesopotamia and Egypt around 3100 BC, ultimately shaping human advancement over millennia.

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The Rise of Early Towns: Social and Economic Transformations

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  1. Building Communities Chapter 2 Lesson 3

  2. Objectives • Explain the conditions that helped make towns successful • Describe the social and economic changes that resulted from the growth of cities

  3. Vocabulary • Division of labor – work according to your abilities • Merchant – people who sell goods they bought from traders • Social class – a group that has a specific level of importance in a society • Government – an organized system of leaders and laws • Urban – relating to city or cities • Taxation – a system in which people pay taxes to support a government

  4. Early Towns • Success at farming or trading allowed many early villages, such as Jericho, to grow into towns • These villages could support up to a few thousand people • Quick facts about Jericho: surrounded by a wall, people respected the dead, valued religion and lived in beehive-shaped huts

  5. CatalHuyuk • CatalHuyuk and Jericho were alike in many ways – both located near water supply and important trade routes • CatalHuyuk was also different in many ways • Example: architecture consisted of small, multi roomed houses that people entered from the roof! See page 68 in textbook

  6. Labor, Leaders and Laws • A new division of labor began in towns, which led to the development of social classes and beginning of government • Rulers, priests, and other important leaders and their families usually made up the highest social class

  7. Cities and Civilization • Early civilizations arose from cities in Mesopotamia and Egypt in about 3100 BC • They covered larger areas than cities and had larger buildings and temples • They usually had a central government and developed some form of writing

  8. Summary • Improvements in agriculture allowed some farming villages to grow into towns, then cities, and eventually civilizations • These changes happened over thousands of years • Social and economic changes took place at each step • As civilizations developed, technology and communication advanced rapidly

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