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Building Communities. Essential Question. How did early cities begin?. Activity 1. Define the words on page 66 of your textbook: Division of labor Merchant Social Class Government Urban Taxation Civilization. Activity 2.
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Essential Question • How did early cities begin?
Activity 1 • Define the words on page 66 of your textbook: • Division of labor • Merchant • Social Class • Government • Urban • Taxation • Civilization
Activity 2 • Use pages 67-71 to complete the Building Communities fact-finder.
Early Towns • Success at farming or trading allowed many early villages to grow into towns. • They could support up to a few thousand people.
Jericho • 7000BC, Jericho grew into one of the earliest known towns. • Jericho became an important trading town, by about 6500 B.C. • It supported about 2,000 to 3,000 people.
Jericho • It also assisted nomadic herders and traders who were crossing the Syrian Desert. • Provided water and a place to rest.
Jericho • Defensive measures were taken to protect the town from enemies and wild animals. • People built a large stone wall around the town • They dug a large ditch around the outside of the wall. • They also built watchtowers, so the guards could see approaching danger.
Jericho • In about 6,000 B.C., Jericho was abandoned.
ÇatalHüyük • This town was very similar to Jericho. • It was located near a good supply of water and had good soil for crops. • It was near important trade routes.
ÇatalHüyük • By 6500 B.C., the town controlled the obsidian trade, which made the town very successful.
Houses of ÇatalHüyük • The people lived in smaller houses (as opposed to the beehive shaped huts of Jericho). • The houses had separate rooms for cooking, sleeping, and other activities.
Houses of ÇatalHüyük • Defense of the town was the walls of the houses.
Houses of ÇatalHüyük • Houses could only be entered from the roof. • In times of danger, they would pull up their ladders.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Social and political changes took place as a result of growing population. • Societies were more complex. • New kinds of leadership developed.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • New jobs (other than farmers) were needed.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Division of labor developed, which divided people into jobs according to their abilities.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Some grew crops, while others made tools or clothing.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Others were merchants, which were people who sold goods they had bought from traders.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Society was divided into social classes. • The highest class was made up of rulers, priests, and other important leaders and their families. • Important families ruled in towns and passed on their positions to chosen family members.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • Leaders of towns had increased responsibilities and power. • They had to control more people, food surpluses, and wider trade. • They also created unwritten laws that townspeople lived by.
Labor, Leaders, and Laws • This was the start of government (an organized system of leaders and laws).
Cities and Civilizations • Around 3500 B.C., towns in southwestern Asia developed into cities. • Early cities had 5,000 or more people.
Cities and Civilizations • Governments needed to be better organized. • City leaders needed to organize the building of longer walls for defense. • They had to maintain water supplies and nearby irrigation systems. • Leaders also supervised the construction of temples, palaces, and other buildings.
Cities and Civilizations • More specialized jobs developed in cities. • Some still worked as merchants, craftworkers, and traders. • Others worked for the city government as officials who helped manage the city.
Cities and Civilizations • Taxation (a system in which people supported the city) developed. • Taxes were paid by working on government projects or with crops. • This was used to pay city officials and to trade for other goods and materials.
Cities and Civilizations • Mesopotamia is where the first cities developed; out of farming villages in southwestern Asia.
Cities and Civilizations • In 3100 B.C., cities (Eridu, Kish, Ur, and Uruk) gave rise to the world’s first civilizations.
Cities and Civilizations • They share common features and covered large areas, had better organized societies and economies, and constructed larger buildings and temples. • People living in civilizations made advances in science, mathematics, and transportation. • Most developed some form of writing, to keep records of events, trade, and taxes. • People also began to follow religions that were supported and controlled by their governments.
